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Anatomy > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What bone is considered a SKULL bone, not a facial bone?

A

ethmoid (superior and middle conchae)

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2
Q

What 2 bones form the nasal septum?*

A

vomer
ethmoid

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3
Q

What does not synapse on the thalamus?

A

sense of smell

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4
Q

What 2 bones form the hard palate?*

A

maxilla: majority, anterior
palantine: minor, posterior

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5
Q

What 2 muscles help with closing the jaw?

A

masseter
temporalis

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6
Q

What are the 2 synovial Joints in the skull?

A

Temporomandibular joint
Skull sits on top of C1

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7
Q

which scalene inserts on the 2nd rib?

A

posterior scalene

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8
Q

what are the scalenes innervated by?

A

ventral rami

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9
Q

What is the only bone not directly attached to another bone?

A

Hyoid bone

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10
Q

what release hormones, helps regulate calcium levels in the blood

A

parathyroid glands

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11
Q

what happens when 1 sternocleidomastoid contracts?

A

Ipsilateral Lateral Bend + Contralateral Rotation

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12
Q

What nerve is enclosed in a sheath with the carotid artery and internal jugular vein?

A

vagus

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13
Q

What nerve runs between the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

Phrenic

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14
Q

name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A
  • Digastric (anterior + posterior)
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
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15
Q

what do the suprahyoid muscles do?

A

elevate the hyoid (swallowing)

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16
Q

what do the infrahyoid muscles do?

A

depress the hyoid

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17
Q

name the 3 infrahyoid muscles

A
  • Omohyoid (superior + inferior)
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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18
Q

name 3 muscles that attach to the scapula

A

omohyoid (inferior)
trapezius
deltoid

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19
Q

name the 2 prevertebral muscles

A

longus capitis
longus colli (cervicus)

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20
Q

what are the 3 branches of the EXTERNAL carotid artery?

A
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Facial artery
  • Maxillary artery
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21
Q

What artery is a continuation of the internal carotid?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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22
Q

Rank cerebral arteries in order of blood flow (from greatest flow to least flow)

A

Middle cerebral > posterior cerebral > anterior cerebral

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23
Q

What artery is blocked with:
frontal lobe issues, behavior issues, some motor function issues?

A

Anterior cerebral

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24
Q

What artery is blocked with:
temporal and parietal issues, paralyzed + no sensation on opposite side, Broca and Wernicke issues?

A

Middle cerebral

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25
Q

What artery is blocked with:
vision issues, occipital lobe issues?

A

posterior cerebral

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26
Q

What artery provides blood to spinal cord?

A

anterior spinal

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27
Q

What is damaged in the brain if a person cannot speak?

A

Broca’s (“Broca is broken not a word is spoken”)

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28
Q

What is damaged in the brain if a person is speaking gibberish?

A

Wernicke’s (“Thinking is tricky if you damage Wernicke”)

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29
Q

When does the 1 tube split into 2 tubes?

A

Laryngopharynx

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30
Q

What type of cartilage is the epiglottis and ear?

A

elastic

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31
Q

What opens the vocal cords?

A

Arytenoid cartilage (“looks like the choosing hat from harry potter”)

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32
Q

what type of cartilage makes up the larynx?

A

hyaline

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33
Q

What is the larynx innervated by?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

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34
Q

which laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to damage

A

left side is more susceptible to damage* (hooks around aortic arch)

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35
Q

What nerve does the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch from?

A

vagus

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36
Q

What nerve runs between esophagus and aorta?

A

vagus

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37
Q

What is most common reason for ulcers?

A

H pylori

2nd: NSAIDs

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38
Q

What conjunctiva lines the EYELID?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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39
Q

What conjunctiva lines the eyeBALL?

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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40
Q

what is mydriasis?

A

dilation, sympathetic

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41
Q

what is miosis?

A

constriction, parasympathetic

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42
Q

curved, outer portion of eye

A

Cornea

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43
Q

contraction makes lens get thicker

A

ciliary body

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44
Q

refracts light

A

lens

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45
Q

everything behind the lens

A

posterior compartment

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46
Q

outer layer of the eye

A

sclera

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47
Q

middle layer, with blood vessels in the eye

A

choroid

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48
Q

inner layer, light-sensitive nerve tissue

A

retina

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49
Q

inside, back surface of the eye

A

fundus

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50
Q

area of acute vision, ALL cones (color)

A

macula lutea

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51
Q

center, most acute color-vision (cones)

A

fovea centralis

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52
Q

“blind spot”

A

optic disk

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53
Q

Pathway of Light

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina

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54
Q

What are located in the periphery of the eye?

A

Mostly rods (black + white)

55
Q

Where does the optic nerve cross?

A

Optic Chiasma

56
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the nose?

A

Hyaline

57
Q

what is in the middle ear?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

58
Q

static/linear balance

A

Vestibule

59
Q

moving/dynamic balance

A

Semicircular canals

60
Q

What does high frequencies (<50 Hz) stimulate?

A

BEGINNING of the cochlea

61
Q

What does low frequencies (>200 Hz) stimulate?

A

END of the cochlea

62
Q

Unilateral hearing loss, on forehead

A

Weber Test

63
Q

Tests each ear, behind the ear

A

Rinne Test

64
Q

What is the longitudinal dura mater that separates cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

65
Q

What is the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

66
Q

What are DEEP grooves that separate the brain lobes?

A

Fissures

67
Q

What is a shallow groove in the brain?

A

Sulcus

68
Q

Does the carotid canal go through the entire skull?

A

NO
It is only EXTERIOR

69
Q

name the artery that travels through the foramen lacerum

A

internal carotid artery

70
Q

What 4 bones form the orbital rim?*

A
71
Q

cribriform plate (ethmoid)

A

CN I

72
Q

optic canal

A

CN II

73
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

74
Q

foramen rotundum

A

V2

75
Q

foramen ovale

A

V3

76
Q

Mandibular section (both sensory and motor)

A

V3

77
Q

Maxillary section (sensory only)

A

V2

78
Q

Ophthalmic section (sensory only)

A

V1

79
Q

what muscle does the abducens (CN VI) innervate

A

lateral rectus (lateral/abduction of the eye)

80
Q

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

(“Two Zebras Bit My Cock”)

81
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

82
Q

jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

83
Q

what muscle does the trochlear (CN IV) innervate?

A

superior oblique muscle of the eye (down and lateral movement)

84
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

85
Q

foramen ovale

A

V3

86
Q

receives visual info from LEFT visual field of both eyes

A

right occipital lobe

87
Q

receives visual info from RIGHT visual field of both eyes

A

left occipital lobe

88
Q

focuses lens
dilates/constricts pupils
moves eyes

A

CN III

89
Q

true or false:
all motor cranial nerves have SOME sensory proprioceptors

A

true

90
Q

what direction does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) move the eye

A

down and lateral

91
Q

sensory for surface of eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids

A

Opthalmic V1 (sensory)

92
Q

sensory from UPPER teeth, upper gum, upper lip, palate, and skin of face

A

Maxillary V2 (sensory)

93
Q

sensory from scalp, skin of jaw, LOWER teeth and gum, lower lip

A

Mandibular V3 (both motor and sensory)

94
Q

testing for which nerve:
Light touch/pinprick to face/scalp
Open and close jaw

A

CN V (trigeminal)

95
Q

Sensory: anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor: facial expression muscles; tear glands; salivary glands

A

CN VII (facial)

96
Q

testing for which nerve:
identify tastes (sour, sweet); make faces (smile, frown)

A

CN VII (facial)

97
Q

Balance/position
Hearing

A

CN VIII (auditory)

98
Q

testing: balance, auditory

A

CN VIII (auditory)

99
Q

Sensory: taste from last POSTERIOR 1/3, sensory from pharynx, tonsils, tongue, and carotid arteries

Motor: pharynx, salivary glands

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

100
Q

Sensory: pharynx, larynx, esophageal and visceral of thorax and abdomen

Motor: muscles of speech (vocal cords) and swallowing (pharyngeal constrictors)

Testing: speaking, swallowing

A

CN X (vagus)

101
Q

Motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Sensory: C3 and C4

Testing: rotate head (sternocleidomastoid) and shrug shoulders (trapezius)

A

CN XI (accessory)

102
Q

Motor (some sensory proprioceptors)

Action: muscles of the tongue

Testing: stick tongue out

A

CN XII

103
Q

what is the first place axons travel from right to left (connection after the falx cerebri)

A

corpus collusum

104
Q

what separates motor from sensory cortex

A

Central sulcus

105
Q

true or false:
motor cortex is more anterior

A

true

106
Q

true or false:
sensory cortex is more posterior

A

true

107
Q

what is sternocleidomastoid innervated by

A

CN XI

108
Q

subdural hemorrhage

A

takes a long time

109
Q

WINDOW where the stapes is attached, pushes in, causes fluid waves, water is not compressible

A

oval window

110
Q

WINDOW at the end of the cochlea that bulges outward in response to pressure placed on the ossicles

A

round window

111
Q

true or false:
vestibule, cochlea all have hair and fluid, they bend with fluid movement

A

true

112
Q

the entrance to the tear canal

A

lacrimal punctum

113
Q

the tunnel of the tears

A

lacrimal caniculi

114
Q

help with swallowing, contract in sequence (superior, middle, inferior)

A

pharyngeal constrictors

115
Q

what are the purely sensory nerves

A

1, 2, 8

116
Q

which nerve signifies taste

A

CN VII (facial)

117
Q

enables NEAR/UP CLOSE vision

A

parasympathetic

118
Q

enables DISTANCE/FAR vision

A

sympathetic

119
Q

where the vision nerves synapse

A

primary occipital cortex

120
Q

what would be the symptoms of optic TRACT being cut

A

eyes are still working, but no visual field

121
Q

what would happen with damage to LOWER motor nerve

A

flaccid muscle

122
Q

what would happen with damage to UPPER motor nerve

A

spasm muscle

123
Q

where do almost all of the CN attach

A

brainstem

124
Q

which CNs attach to cerebrum (2)

A

CN I, II

125
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery come from

A

maxillary artery (which comes from the external carotid artery)

126
Q

this is where superior facets/C1 (atlas) rests

A

occipital condyle

127
Q

when does the medulla become the spinal cord

A

when it passes through the foramen magnum

128
Q

where are the pyramids found

A

medulla (bulging part)
this is where they cross

129
Q

what type of cartilage is in the TMJ

A

FIBROcartilage

130
Q

what are the 2 bones of the TMJ

A

temporal
mandible
(lateral pterygoids in between)

131
Q

what are the muscles of mastication innervated by

A

trigeminal nerve

132
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression innervated by

A

facial nerve

133
Q

what is the cartilage that opens the vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilage

134
Q

what are the 4 bones of the orbital rim

A

maxilla
lacrimal
frontal
zygomatic

Anatomy (8 decks)

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