Portugal COPY Flashcards
1
Q
How many IGP’s exist in Portugal?
A
14
2
Q
List of regions in Portugal from north to south, with the two island regions at the end
A
- Minho
- Transmontano
- Duriense
- Terras de Cister
- Beira Atlântico
- Terras do Dão
- Terras da Beira
- Lisboa
- Tejo
- Península de Setúbal
- Alentejano
- Algarve
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores
3
Q
What are the two island regions of Portugal?
A
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores
4
Q
List of IGP’s in Portugal
A
- Minho
- Transmontano
- Duriense
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras da Beira
- Beira Atlântico
- Tejo
- Lisboa
- Alentejano
- Península de Setúbal
- Algarve
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores
5
Q
IGP wines must contain what percentage of grapes from a stated region?
A
85%
6
Q
What does “garrafeira” mean?
A
“Private wine cellar”
If produced as a vintage-dated DOP or IGP, wines may be labeled garrafeira to indicate a minimum period of aging prior to release
7
Q
Aging requirements for red wines labeled “garrafeira”
A
Minimum 30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle
8
Q
Aging requirements for whites and rosados labeled “garrafeira”
A
Minimum 12 months with at least 6 months in bottle
9
Q
What does reserva mean on a bottle of still Portugese table wine?
A
Indicates an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the respective DOP or IGP; however, stricter requirements in individual DOP’s may supersede this standard
10
Q
For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva indicates?
A
Indicates a minimum period of 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement
11
Q
What does Colheita Seleccionada mean?
A
Indicates a minimum 1% higher alcohol content than established by the regional appellation.
12
Q
What does casta mean?
A
“Grape variety”
13
Q
What is the most widely grown red grape variety in Portugal?
A
Castelão
14
Q
Although not the most planted, what is arguably the finest red grape in Portugal?
A
Touriga Nacional
15
Q
Two synonyms for Touriga Nacional in Portugal?
A
- Bical Tinto
- Mortágua Preto
16
Q
Other important red grapes in Portugal?
A
- Alfrocheiro
- Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
- Baga
- Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, aka Tempranillo in Spain)
17
Q
Jaen is a synonym for which grape?
A
Mencía
18
Q
Tinta Amarela is a synonym for which grape?
A
Trincadeira
19
Q
Aragonez is a synonym for which grape?
A
Tinta Roriz, aka Tempranillo
20
Q
What is the most planted white grape in Portugal?
A
Fernão Pires
21
Q
Fernão Pires is known as what in Bairrada?
A
Maria Gomes
22
Q
Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Fernão Pires grape?
A
Bairrada
23
Q
Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Encruzado grape?
A
Dão
24
Q
Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Arinto grape?
A
Bucelas
25
Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Antão Vaz grape?
Alentejano
26
Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Alvarinho grape?
Vinho Verde
27
Sercial is known as what on mainland Portugal?
Esgana Cão
28
Name some important white grapes of Portugal
1. Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)
2. Encruzado
3. Arinto
4. Antão Vaz
5. Alvarinho
6. Sercial (Esgana Cão)
29
What is the largest DOP in Portugal?
Vinho Verde DOP
30
Vinho Verde DOP shares exact geographical boundaries with which IGP?
Minho IGP
31
What is the climate of Vinho Verde/Minho?
Cool, rainy Atlantic-influenced climate with a damp growing season
32
What is the biggest viticultural threat in Vinho Verde/Minho?
Fungal diseases like grey rot, due to the damp climate
33
Define *enforcado*
Traditional vine training system in which vines were trained high off the ground (up the trunks of trees, telephone poles and stakes) to reduce the risk of fungal disease
34
Styles of wine produced in Vinho Verde?
Red, white and rosado
35
Which river divides Vinho Verde/Minho with the Spanish border?
Minho River
36
Four major rivers in Vinho Verde/Minho from north to south
Minho River
Lima River
Tamega River
Douro River
37
Which Spanish wine region borders Vinho Verde/Minho to the north?
Rías Baixas
38
Soil type of Vinho Verde/Minho
Shallow granitic soils
39
What is the most planted white grape of Vinho Verde?
Loureiro
40
Which grape is the primary component of traditional Vinho Verde blends?
Loureiro
41
Other important white grapes in Vinho Verde?
Trajadura (Treixadura)
Avesso
Pedernã (Arinto)
Alvarinho (Albariño)
42
Trajadura is the Portugese name for which grape?
Treixadura
43
Pedernã is the Portugese name for which grape?
Arinto
44
Alvarinho is the Portugese name for which grape?
Albariño
45
The town of Monção in northern Vinho Verde is located across the Minho River from which Spanish wine region?
Rías Baixas' Condado do Tea region
46
In which sub region of Vinho Verde is Alvarinho bottled as a still and sparkling varietal wine?
Monção e Megaço
47
Name the subzones of Rías Baixas (9)
Monção e Melgaço
Lima
Cávado
Basto
Ave
Amarante
Sousa
Baião
Paiva
48
Important red grapes in Vinho Verde
Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
Espadeiro
Boraçal
Alvarelhão
49
A slight sparkle in a bottle of white wine from Vinho Verde is most likely the result of which process?
Carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
50
Bottles of pétillant red wines from Vinho Verde get their sparkle from which process?
Malolactic fermentation in the bottle
51
In which Portugese IGP is the Trás-os-Montes DOP located?
Transmontano
52
Name the three non-contiguous subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)
1. Chaves
2. Valpaços
3. Planalto Mirandés
53
Important red grapes in the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)
1. Touriga Nacional
2. Tinta Roriz
3. Bastardo (Trousseau)
4. Touriga Francesa
5. Trincadeira
54
Important white grapes in the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)
1. Fernão Pires
2. Síria
3. Viosinho
4. Gouveio
5. Malvasia Fina
6. Rabigato
55
Climate of Transmontano
Dry, hot and mountainous
56
Climate of Duriense IGP?
Continental
57
DOP regions of Duriense?
1. Douro DOP
2. Porto DOP
58
Name the two mountain ranges of the Douro River Valley
Marão and Montemuro Mountains
59
What is the soil type of the Douro?
Schist
60
What is the climate of the Douro Valley?
Continental, with severely hot summers (up to 125° F) and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing
61
Name the 3 subzones of the Douro DOP
West to East:
Baixa Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior
62
What styles of wine are released under the Douro DOP?
Table wines (white, rosado, tinto, espumante), the occaisional *licoroso* (fortified) Moscatel do Douro and Colheita Tardia (late harvest)
63
What is Moscatel do Douro?
A fortified wine (vinho licoroso) made from the Moscatel Galego grape
64
Fortified Port from the Douro is released under which DOP?
Porto DOP
65
Which sub region of the Douro touches Spain?
Douro Superior
66
Most important red grapes of Douro DOP
1. Touriga Nacional
2. Touriga Franca
3. Tinta Roriz
4. Tinta Cão
5. Tinta Barroca
67
Most important white grapes of the Douro DOP
1. Malvasia Fina
2. Viosinho
3. Rabigato
4. Gouveio
68
*Reserva* wines in the Douro require what minimum alcohol?
Whites/Rosados: 11.5%
Reds: 12%
69
Aging requirements for *Reserva* wines in the Douro
Whites/Rosados: 6 months
Reds: 1 year
70
What is Colheita Tardia?
Late harvest wines produced in the Douro DOP
71
Type of ships used, historically, to transport Port from Cima Corgo to Porto?
Barco Rabelo ships
72
What is Barca Vehla?
The first dry Douro table wine, released in 1952 by Ferreira
73
Who produces Barca Vehla?
Ferreira
74
Name some Port producers who are also at the forefront of table wine production
Niepoort, Quinta do Crasto, Ramos Pinto
75
What is Quinta do Vale Meão?
A 270-acre Douro Superior estate which was formerly the primary source of fruit for Barca Vehla, and has now established itself as one the region's young cult stars
76
Name the DOP's of Terras do Dão (2)
1. Dão DOP
2. Lafões DOP
77
DOP's of Beira Atlântico (1)
Bairrada DOP
78
Bieras was divided into which 4 IGP's?
1. Terras do Dão
2. Terras de Cister
3. Terras da Beira
4. Beira Atlântico
79
2 DOP's of Terras do Dão?
1. Dão DOP
2. Lafões DOP
80
What is the only DOP of Beira Atlântico?
Bairrada DOP
81
Sole DOP of Terras de Cister IGP? What style of wine is it most known for?
Távora do Sicó. Sparkling wine
82
Sole DOP of Terras da Beira IGP?
Beira Interior DOP
83
Three subzones of Beira Interior?
1. Beira Castelo Rodrigo
2. Cova da Beira
3. Pinhel
84
What is the most important grape in Dão DOP blends?
Touriga Nacional
85
What is the climate of the Dão DOP?
The region is sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, protecting it from the harsh winds of the continental interior and the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast. The region is hot and dry in the growing season but receives adequate rainfall in the winter months.
86
Soil type of the Dão?
Granitic soils
87
List the 7 subregions in the Dão:
1. Serra da Estrela
2. Alva
3. Besteiros
4. Castendo
5. Silgueiros
6. Terras de Azurara
7. Terras de Senhorim
88
Principal red grapes of the Dão?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Jaen, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, Tinta Cão
89
Principal white grapes of the Dão?
Encruzado, Bical, Cercial
90
What does *garrafeira* mean?
Minimum abv of 11.5%
Indicates minimum aging depending on the style of the wine
91
Terms like *garrafeira*, *reserva* and *nobre* are used to indicate what?
Minimum aging requirements (varietal requirements apply for *nobre* only)
92
What is the main grape of Bairrada DOP?
Baga
93
Soil type of Bairrada DOP?
*barros* (clay): red wines
sandy soils: white wines
94
Main white grapes of Bairrada DOP?
Maria Gomes, Arinto
95
Bairrada DOP wines must require what percentage of the Baga grape?
Minimum 50%
96
Which river meets the Atlantic Ocean in Lisboa?
Tagus River
97
List of DOPs in Lisboa (9):
1. Bucelas
2. Colares
3. Carcavelos
4. Arruda
5. Torres Vedras
6. Alenquer
7. Óbidos
8. Lourinhã
9. Encostas de Aire
98
Which grape is used to produce aguardente in Lisboa?
Lourinhã
99
Principal grape of Bucelas DOP?
Minimum 75% Arinto
100
Main red and white grapes of Colares DOP?
Ramisco (red)
Malvasia (white)
101
What is special about viticulture in Colares?
Vines in Colares grow in sand dunes. The vines are planted ungrafted, on their own roots, deep into the sand (the phylloxera bug cannot survive in sand).
102
Colares is best known for which grape?
Ungrafted Ramisco (red)
103
What is *chao rija?*
A second, harder soil type in Colares
Castelão is planted on this soil
104
Why is the Carcavelos DOP in danger?
Only 25 ha remain due to urban sprawl
105
Style of wine produced in Carcavelos DOP?
Fortified wines
106
Red grapes of Carcavelos?
Combined minimum 75% Castelão and Preto Martinho
107
White grapes of Carcavelos?
Blend of Arinto, Galego Dourado and Ratinho
108
How are the fortified wines of Carcavelos DOP made?
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with *vinho abafado*, a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol. After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for at least two years, followed by at least six months in bottle.
109
What is *vinho abafado?*
A partially fermented must preserved with alcohol, used in the production of the fortified wines of Carcavelos
110
What are the 2 DOP zones of the Península de Setúbal IGP?
1. Setúbal
2. Palmela
111
Península de Setúbal is surrounded by which bodies of water?
Tagus (Tejo) River estuary, Sado River estuary and the Atlantic Ocean
112
What is the climate of Península de Setúbal?
Mediterranean
113
Principal red grape of Palmela DOP?
Minimum 67% Castelão
114
Principal white grapes of Palmela DOP?
Fernão Pires and Arinto
115
What is *torna viagem?*
The process of maturation via a roundtrip across the Atlantic Ocean
116
What styles of wine are produced in Setúbal DOP?
Sweet white wines
Red fortified wines
117
Grapes of Setúbal?
Minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d'Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo
Wines may be labeled by variety if either grape comprises 85% of the blend
118
What gives Setúbal wines their particularly pungent, floral aromas?
Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins--up to 6 months--following fermentation and fortification
119
How long are Setúbal wines aged?
Wines mature in large wooden casks for up to five years before release, although some are aged upwards of 20 years
120
Who is the largest and most storied producer in Setúbal?
J. M. da Fonseca
In the company's cellars are stocks of wine dating to the 19th century, some of which crossed the equator at sea
121
River of Tejo?
Tagus, or Tejo, River
122
What style of wine dominates production in Tejo?
Bulk wine
123
Main white and red grape of Tejo?
Castelão (red) and Fernão Pires (white)
124
Most important grape in Alentejo?
Trincadeira
125
What other agricultural product is produced in Tejo?
Cork trees (Quercus Suber)
126
Sole DOP in Tejo?
DoTejo DOP
127
Sole DOP in Alentejo?
Alentejo DOP
128
Where is Portalegre?
Subzone of Alentejo DOP
129
Name the 4 DOP's of Algarve?
1. Lagos
2. Lagoa
3. Portimão
4. Tavira
130
Why is viticulture disappearing in Algarve?
Hot seaside climate
Resort tourism
131
Main white and red grapes of Algarve?
Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole (reds)
Arinto and Síria (whites)
132
Where is Açores (Azores)?
Volcanic islands located in the Atlantic Ocean, 1,000 miles from the coast of Portugal
133
What style of wine is produced in the Pico DOP and Biscoitos DOP?
Fortified wines made from Verdelho, Arinto (Pedernã), Terrantez
134
List the 3 DOP's of Açores
1. Biscoitos DOP
2. Graciosa DOP
3. Pico DOP
135
Portugal has 2 winemaking regions that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. What are they?
Douro
Pico Island (Azores)
136
The Terras Madeirenses IGP encompasses which two islands?
Madeira and Porto Santo, the only two inhabited islands in the Madeira archipelago
137
What are the 2 DOP zones of Madeira?
1. Madeira DOP (fortified wines)
2. Madeirense (unfortified wines)
138
