Portney: Ch 20 Flashcards
What are the different types of descriptive research?
Developmental
Normative
Descriptive
Case reports
Historical
Qualitative
What is developmental research?
The description of developmental change and the sequencing of behaviors in people over time
What are 2 types of developmental research?
Longitudinal
- Natural history
- Developmental studies
Cross-sectional
- Cohort effects
- Period effects
- Measures prevalence
What are normative studies?
The purpose is to describe typical or standard values for characteristics of a given population.
- Physiological standards: used to assess normally and abnormally functioning systems
- Standardized measures of performance: represent standardized scores that allow interpretation of reponses
Norms usually expressed as averages or percentiles
What are descriptive surveys?
An attempt to provide an overall picture of a group’s characteristics, attitudes, or behaviors, with the purpose of describing characteristics or risk factors for disease or dysfunction.
What are 2 examples of large-scale descriptive surveys?
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)
What are case reports?
A detailed description of an individual’s condition or response to treatment.
- May also focus on a group, institution, or other social unit, such as a school, healthcare setting, or community.
Prospective or retrospective
Limited external validity
What is the purpose of case reports?
The unusual patient
- Epidemiologic case reports focus on reports of unusual or unique conditions
- Will often identify new diseases or lead to identifying unknown causes
Innovative treatment approaches
Diagnosis of rare conditions
Application of theory
Generating hypotheses
What is the format of case reports?
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Case description
Intervention
Outcomes
Discussion
Summary and conclusions
What is historical research?
The critical review of events, documents, literature, and other sources of data to reconstruct the past in an effort to understand how and why past events occurred, and how that understanding can influence current practice
Historical research considers reliability and validity of history using…
External criticism: may involve the determination that papers were indeed written by the ascribed author or that documents have not been altered
Internal criticism: questions the truth or worth of the material’s content within the context of the research question
