Brown: Ch 9 & 11 Flashcards
Descriptive research answers what questions?
what, where, when and how
Descriptive research is chiefly concerned with…
forecasting (predicting) outcomes, consequences, costs, or effects
What is predictive research?
Determines what is likely to happen next
Most widely used in quantitative research
What is epidemiology?
The study of health conditions in populations, which includes descriptive research methods aimed at identifying the incidence and prevalence of specific conditions.
What is incidence?
the frequency of new occurrences of a condition during a specific time period. Incidence is calculated as the number of new cases during a time period divided by the total population at risk. Provides an estimation of the risk of developing the condition.
What is prevalence?
the number of individuals in a population who have a specific condition at a given point in time, regardless of onset. It is the measure of how widespread a condition is. This is the number of cases at a given time point, divided by the total population at risk.
What is often analyzed in prevalence and incidence studies?
Subgroups within a population, such as gender and age,
What type of research uses incidence and prevalence to understand conditions and populations?
descriptive research
NOT POSSIBLE TO MAKE CONCLUSIONS REGARDING CAUSATION
What is survey research?
A common approach to gathering descriptive information about health conditions
What are advantages of using survey research?
The ease with which large amounts of data can be collected is an advantage
Another advantage is the opportunity to use random sampling methods as it is possible to reach different geographic locations
What is response rate?
the percentage of individuals who return a survey based on the total numbers of surveys administered.
What is response bias?
a general term for a measurement error that creates inaccuracy in the survey results; for instance, when a large number of individuals choose not to respond to a survey
What are methods to reduce nonresponse and underreporting?
face-to-face interviews, training of the interviewers in establishing rapport, well-designed questionnaires, and the use of objective measures ti verify self-reports
What study designs are used to predict an outcome?
Correlational methods
Group comparison methods
How do predictive studies use correlational methods?
Simple prediction between two variables
Multiple predictors for a single outcome
