Portals of entry and exit and the body's defenses Flashcards
6 portals of entry and exit
Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, open lesions, percutaneous, conjunctiva
Nasal passages
Warming, humidifying and clearing of large particles
Windpipe and bronchi
Cilia carry mucous with contaminates up to esophagus
Bronchial tubes
Constrict on irritation and produce cough or sneeze which is another clearance mechanism
Alveoli
Particles smaller than 0.5 microns are likely to reach the alveoli
Parts of gastrointestinal
Saliva, stomach, intestine, normal flora
Saliva
Mildly bactericidal
Stomach
Low pH destroys most organisms
Intestine
Mucous movement collects material which is removed in the feces
Normal flora
Represent competition for invading pathogens
Secretion of toxic substances
Excreted in sweat or feces
Genitourinary secretions
Are bactericidal, these organs are remarkably free from bacteria; kidney detoxifies and excretes toxic substances
In open lesions, inflammatory reaction occurs causing
Stimulating celular response: leuc ocotes
Immunity
Resistance associated with possession of antibodies having specific action on an infectious organism
Types of immunity
Passive immunity (naturally and acquired) Active immunity (naturally and acquired)
Passive immunity
Received from others
Natural passive immunity
Maternal transfer
Acquired passive immunity
Inoculation of antibodies or immune serum
Active immunity
Formed by body
Natural active immunity
From infection
Acquired active immunity
Inoculation of killed agent or its products
Percutaneous trauma defenses
Sensory signals, resilient collagen tissue, self-repairing properties
_____ is barrier to bacteria
Skin
Some toxic materials especially those lipid soluble substances easily penetrate the skin; some toxic substances are excreted in _____
Sweat
