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Biological factors Flashcards

1
Q

Disease agent for Equine encephalitis

A

Virus

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2
Q

Disease agent for Colorado tick fever

A

Virus

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3
Q

Disease agent for Yellow fever

A

 Virus

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4
Q

Disease agent for infectious hepatitis

A

Virus

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5
Q

Disease agent for Poliomyelitis

A

Virus

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6
Q

Disease agent for rabies

A

Virus

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7
Q

Disease agent for Vibrio cholerae

A

Bacteria

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8
Q

Disease agent for Vibrio parahemolyticus

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

Disease agent for Psittacosis chlamydia (Psittacosis/Ornithosis)?

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Disease agent for Salmonellae (Salmonellosis)

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Disease agent for Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever)

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Disease agent for Shigella (Shigellosis)

A

 Bacteria

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13
Q

Disease agent for Yersinia pestis (Plague)

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Disease agent for Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

Disease agent for Brucellae (Brucellosis, Undulant fever)

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

Disease agent for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Disease agent for Streptococcus pyrogens?

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Disease agent for Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

Disease agent for Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)

A

Bacteria

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20
Q

Disease agent for Clostridium perfringens

A

Bacteria

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21
Q

Disease agent for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

Disease agent for Leptospiria (Leptospirosis)

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

Disease agent for Borrelia recurrentis (Relapsing fever)

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

Disease agent for Coccidiomycosis

A

Pathogenic fungi

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25
Q

Disease agent for Histopiasmosis

A

Pathogenic fungi

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26
Q

Disease agent for Candidiasis?

A

Pathogenic fungi

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27
Q

Disease agent for Blastomycosis

A

Pathogenic fungi

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28
Q

Disease agent for Tinea

A

Pathogenic fungi

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29
Q

Disease agent for Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky mountain spotted fever)

A

Bacteria

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30
Q

Disease agent of Coxiella burneti (Q fever)

A

Bacteria/rickettsia

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31
Q

Disease agent for Typhus fever

A

Bacteria/Rickettsia

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32
Q

Disease agent for a rickettsia prowazeki (endemic flea borne typhus fever or Murine typhus)

A

Bacteria

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33
Q

Disease agent for Rickettsia prowazeki var. prowazeki (epidemic louse-born typhus fever)

A

Bacteria

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34
Q

Disease agent for Gonyaulax catenella (paralytic shellfish poisoning, red tide)

A

Algae

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35
Q

Disease agent for Entameba histolytica (Amebic dysentery, amebiasis)

A

Protozoan

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36
Q

Disease agent for Giardia lamblia (Giardiasis)

A

Protozoan

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37
Q

Disease agent for all plasmodium varients

A

Protozoan

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38
Q

Disease agent for leishmaniasis

A

Protozoan

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39
Q

Disease agent for Trypanosomiasis

A

Protozoan

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40
Q

Disease agent for Toxoplasmosis

A

Protozoan

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41
Q

Disease agent for Schistosoma (Schistosomiasis, blood fluke)

A

Trematodes parasites

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42
Q

Disease agent for Taenia (beef and pork tapeworm)

A

Cestodes parasites

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43
Q

Disease agent for Necator and Ancylostoma (Hookworms)

A

Nematodes parasites

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44
Q

Disease agent for Enterobius (Pinworm)

A

Nematodes parasites

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45
Q

Disease agent for Ascaris (Roundworm)

A

Nematodes parasites

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46
Q

Disease agent for Trichinella (Trichinosis)

A

Nematodes parasites

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47
Q

Disease agent for Onchocera volvulus (Onchocerciasis)

A

Nematodes parasites

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48
Q

Disease agent for Wuchereria (Filariasis)

A

Filaria parasites

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49
Q

Equine encephalitis mode of transmission

A

Culex species

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50
Q

Equine encephalitis reservoir

A

Probably birds, small rodents, reptile and amphibians

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51
Q

Equine encephalitis incubation period

A

5-15 days

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52
Q

Equine encephalitis symptoms

A

Affects brain, spinal cord and meninges; high fever, stupor, spasticity, tremor

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53
Q

Colorado tick fever mode of transmission

A

Dermacentor andersoni (hard tick)

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54
Q

Colorado tick fever reservoir

A

Small mammals

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55
Q

Colorado tick fever incubation period

A

4-5 days

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56
Q

Colorado tick fever symptoms

A

Acute fever, remission and recurrence lasting 2-3 days

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57
Q

Yellow fever mode of transmission

A

Aedes aegypti

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58
Q

Yellow fever reservoir

A

Man, Aedes aegypti, monkeys

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59
Q

Yellow fever incubation period

A

3-6 days

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60
Q

Yellow fever symptoms

A

sudden fever onset, headache, nausea, vomiting, jaundice

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61
Q

Infectious hepatitis mode of transmission

A

Through contact, water, milk and food

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62
Q

Infectious hepatitis reservoir

A

Man

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63
Q

Infectious hepatitis incubation period

A

15-50 days, commonly 25

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64
Q

Infectious hepatitis symptoms

A

Fever, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice, necrosis of liver

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65
Q

Poliomyelitis mode of transmission

A

Oral contact, milk

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66
Q

Poliomyelitis reservoir

A

Man

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67
Q

Poliomyelitis Incubation period

A

7-12 days; ranging to 3-21

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68
Q

Poliomyelitis symptoms

A

Fever, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, stiffness of the neck and back with or without paralysis

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69
Q

Rabies mode of transmission

A

Bite of rabid animal; airborne spread from bats to man in caves with many bats

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70
Q

Rabies reservoir

A

Small carnivores including bats

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71
Q

Rabies incubation period

A

4-6 weeks

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72
Q

Rabies symptoms

A

Almost always fatal form of encephalitis; headache, fever, paralysis

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73
Q

Order of Vibrio Cholerae

A

Order Pseudomonadales

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74
Q

Order of Vibrio parahemolyticus

A

Order Pseudomonadales

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75
Q

Order of Psittacosis chlamydia

A

Order Chlamydobacteriales

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76
Q

Order of Salmonellae

A

Order Eubacterides

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77
Q

Order of Salmonella typhi

A

Order Eubacterides

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78
Q

Order of Shigella

A

Order Eubacterides

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79
Q

Order of Yersinia pestis

A

Order Eubacterides

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80
Q

Order of Francisella tularensis

A

Order Eubacterides

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81
Q

Order of Brucellae

A

Order Eubacterides

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82
Q

Order of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Order Eubacterides

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83
Q

Order of Streptococcus pyrogenes

A

Order Eubacterides

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84
Q

Order of Bacillus anthracis

A

Order Eubacterides

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85
Q

Order of Clostridium botulinum

A

Order Eubacterides

86
Q

Order of Clostridium perfringens

A

Order Eubacterides

87
Q

Order of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Order Actinomycetales

88
Q

Order of Leptospira

A

Order Spirochaetales

89
Q

Order of Borrelia recurrentis

A

Order Spirochaetales

90
Q

Vibrio cholerae mode of transmission

A

Water, food (fecal oral)

91
Q

Vibrio cholerae reservoir

A

Man

92
Q

Vibrio cholerae incubation period

A

2-3 days average

93
Q

Vibrio cholerae symptoms

A

Sudden onset of vomitting, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration and collapse

94
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus mode of transmission

A

Contamination of raw foods of marine origin

95
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus reservoir

A

Seawater, marine life

96
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus incubation period

A

2-48 hours; usually 12 hours

97
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus symptoms

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever

98
Q

Psittacosis chlamydia mode of transmission

A

Direct contact with infected birds

99
Q

Psittacosis chlamydia reservoir

A

Parakeets, parrots, pigeons and other birds

100
Q

Psittacosis chlamydia Incubation period

A

4-15 days

101
Q

Psittacosis chlamydia symptoms

A

Fever, headache and early pneumonic involvement

102
Q

Salmonellae mode of transmission

A

Foods, especially meat pies, poultry, dairy products

103
Q

Salmonellae reservoir

A

Man, domestic and wild animals

104
Q

Salmonellae incubation period

A

12-24 hours average

105
Q

Salmonellae symptoms

A

Acute infection with sudden abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and fever

106
Q

Salmonellae agent

A

More than 800 serotypes

107
Q

Salmonella typhi mode of transmission

A

Direct or indirect contact with patient or carrier, raw fruits, veggies, dairy products, shellfish and water

108
Q

Salmonella typhi reservoir

A

Man, including carriers

109
Q

Salmonella typhi incubation period

A

Average of 2 weeks

110
Q

Salmonella typhi symptoms

A

Continued fever, slow pulse, ulceration of Peyer’s patches, rose spots on trunk; constipation

111
Q

Shigella mode of transmission

A

Objects of food contamination with feces

112
Q

Shigella reservoir

A

Man

113
Q

Shigella incubation period

A

1-7 days; usually less than 4

114
Q

Shigella symptoms

A

Diarrhea, fever, cramps, vomiting

115
Q

Yersinia pestis mode of transmission

A

Bite of an infective rat flea or contact or airborne route from infected persons

116
Q

Yersinia pestis reservoir

A

Wild rodents, rats

117
Q

Yersinia pestis incubation period

A

2-6 days

118
Q

Yersinia pestis symptoms

A

High fever, fall in blood pressure, rapid pulse, convulsions, coma

119
Q

Yersinia pestis types

A

Bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic

120
Q

Francisella tularensis mode of transmission

A

Inoculation of skin or conductive through handling of infected animals or through bite of deerfly or tick

121
Q

Francisella tularensis reservoir

A

Numerous wild animals

122
Q

Francisella tularensis incubation period

A

1-10 days; usually 3

123
Q

Francisella tularensis symptoms

A

Chills and fever, ulcer at site of infection, swollen lymph nodes

124
Q

Brucellae mode of transmission

A

Contact with infected animals, especially milk or dairy products

125
Q

Brucellae reservoir

A

Cattle, swine, sheep, goat and horses

126
Q

Brucellae incubation period

A

5-21 days; highly variable

127
Q

Brucellae symptoms

A

Irregular fever, chills, headache, may become chronic over several years

128
Q

Brucellae Milk Ring Test

A

Is inoculated with stained brucella antigen which agglutinates and forms blue ring at top

129
Q

Staphylococcus aureus mode of transmission

A

Direct contact with infected person or indirectly through goods

130
Q

Staphylococcus aureus reservoir

A

Man including subclinical carriers

131
Q

Staphylococcus aureus incubation period

A

Food poisoning 1-6 hours

132
Q

Staphylococcus aureus symptoms

A

Abrupt severe nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea: no fever

133
Q

Staphylococcus aureus (bovine mastitis)

A

An important hospital and nursery pathogen

134
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes mode of transmission

A

Direct contact airborne droplet spread or contaminated food and milk

135
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes reservoir

A

Man including carriers

136
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes symptoms

A

Sore throat with other possible complications

137
Q

Bacillus anthracis mode of transmission

A

Contact with animal tissues including hide and hair products

138
Q

Bacillus anthracis reservoir

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs and others

139
Q

Bacillus anthracis incubation period

A

Less than 4 days, average

140
Q

Bacillus anthracis symptoms

A

Skin lesions processing to tissues; inhalation anthrax begins like upper respiratory infection followed by fever and shock in 3-5 days and death shortly thereafter. Inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax are highly fatal, but rare

141
Q

Clostridium botulinum mode of transmission

A

Food, especially inadequately canned or processed, then eaten without cooking

142
Q

Clostridium botulinum reservoir

A

Soil and intestinal tract of animals

143
Q

Clostridium botulinum incubation period

A

12-36 hours

144
Q

Clostridium botulinum symptoms

A

Highly fatal, afebrile intoxication; weakness, dizziness, double vision; death from respiratory or cardiac failure

145
Q

Clostridium perfringens mode of transmission

A

Foods, especially cooked meat and poultry that have been inadequately cooled

146
Q

Clostridium perfringens reservoir

A

Soil and animal feces

147
Q

Clostridium perfringens incubation period

A

Average 8-12 hours

148
Q

Clostridium perfringens symptoms

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea

149
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis mode of transmission

A

Contact with patients with open lesions or ingestion of unpasteurized milk of infected cows

150
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis reservoir

A

Man, cattle

151
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis incubation period

A

4-6 weeks to show lesions

152
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis symptoms

A

Chronic disease; primary skin lesions heal, but occasionally lead to pulmonary tuberculosis; characterized by arrest and remission, cough, fever, fatigue and weight loss

153
Q

Leptospira mode of transmission

A

Contact with water contaminated by urine of infected animals

154
Q

Leptospira reservoir

A

Domestic and wild animals

155
Q

Leptospira incubation period

A

Averages 10 days

156
Q

Leptospira symptoms

A

Fever, chills, headaches, conjunctivitis, muscular pain

157
Q

Borrelia recurrentis mode of transmission

A

Crushing of infective tick or louse, Pedicures humanus, into bite-wound or skin abrasion

158
Q

Borrelia recurrentis reservoir

A

Louse-borne: man, tick-borne; wild rodents

159
Q

Borrelia recurrentis incubation period

A

Usually 8 days

160
Q

Borrelia recurrentis symptoms

A

Short, fever periods alternating with non-fever periods with several relapse; rashes

161
Q

Borrelia recurrentis unclassified

A

Legionaires bacteria

162
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii mode of transmission

A

Bite of infected tick, Dermacentor & Amblyomma species

163
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii reservoir

A

Rodents, dogs, ticks, rabbits

164
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii incubation period

A

3-10 days

165
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii symptoms

A

Sudden onset of fever lasting about 2 weeks; rash develops on upper and spreads

166
Q

Coxiella burneti mode of transmission

A

Direct airborne and raw milk

167
Q

Coxiella burneti reservoir

A

Ticks, wild animals

168
Q

Coxiella burneti incubation period

A

2-3 weeks

169
Q

Coxiella burneti symptoms

A

Sudden onset with chills, headache, weakness, sweating; pneumonitis with mild cough and chest pain

170
Q

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi mode of transmission

A

Bite of infected larval mites

171
Q

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi reservoir

A

Mites and wild rodents

172
Q

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi incubation period

A

Usually 10-12 days

173
Q

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi symptoms

A

Onset of fever, headache, trunk lesions, pneumonitis

174
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi mode of transmission

A

Infected fleas Xenopsylla cheopis defecated bite wound

175
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi reservoir

A

Rats

176
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi incubation period

A

6-14 days

177
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient typhi symptoms

A

Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache

178
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki modę of transmission

A

Body lice, Pediculus humanus defecate in bite wound

179
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki reservoir

A

Man

180
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki incubation period

A

Usually 12 days

181
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki varient prowazeki symptoms

A

Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache; more serious than above

182
Q

Gonyaulax catenella mode of transmission

A

Shellfish, especially mussels and clams concentrate the toxin

183
Q

Gonyaulax catenella reservoir

A

Oceans

184
Q

Gonyaulax catenella incubation period

A

Less than an hour

185
Q

Gonyaulax catenella symptoms

A

Numbness around lips, incoherent speech, respiratory paralysis (neurotoxin)

186
Q

Entameba histolytica mode of transmission

A

Water, raw vegetables, flies and soiled hands

187
Q

Entameba histolytica reservoir

A

Man

188
Q

Entameba histolytica incubation period

A

Usually 3-4 weeks

189
Q

Entameba histolytica symptoms

A

Mild abdominal discomfort, diarrhea alternating with constipation or chronic or acute diarrhea with mucus and blood; may spread to other organs

190
Q

Giardia lamblia mode of transmission

A

Water, especially mountain streams and lakes

191
Q

Giardia lamblia reservoir

A

Beaver, deer, elk, man

192
Q

Giardia lamblia symptoms

A

Chronic diarrhea, attacks duodenum and gall bladder

193
Q

Plasmodium variants mode of transmission

A

Bite of infective Anopheles mosquito

194
Q

Plasmodium variants reservoir

A

Man

195
Q

Plasmodium variants incubation period

A

12-14 days

196
Q

Plasmodium variants symptoms

A

Chills, fever, headache, nausea, profuse sweating; cyclic attacks, may become chronic

197
Q

Schistosoma mode of transmission

A

Enter skin from water contaminated with urine

198
Q

Schistosoma reservoir

A

Man; freshwater snails are part of life cycle

199
Q

Taenia mode of transmission

A

Ingestion raw or inadequately cooked meat or by fecal oral route

200
Q

Taenia reservoir

A

Man

201
Q

Necator and Ancylostoma mode of transmission

A

Eggs in feces develop in soil then penetrate the skin, usually the bear foot

202
Q

Necator and Ancylostoma reservoir

A

Man

203
Q

Enterobius mode of transmission

A

Feces to oral route

204
Q

Enterobius reservoir

A

Man

205
Q

Ascaris mode of transmission

A

Feces to soil to oral route

206
Q

Ascaris reservoir

A

Man

207
Q

Trichinella mode of transmission

A

Ingestion of inadequately cooked meat containing viable trichinae

208
Q

Trichinella reservoir

A

Swine and many wild animals

209
Q

Onchocera volvulus mode of transmission

A

Bite of infected black flies

210
Q

Onchocera volvulus reservoir

A

Man

211
Q

Wuchereia mode of transmission

A

Bite of mosquito harboring organisms

212
Q

Wuchereia reservoir

A

Man

Rehs (14 decks)

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