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Rehs > Physical factors > Flashcards

Physical factors Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of mechanical factors

A

Motor vehicle accidents, residence-related accidents, work related and disasters

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2
Q

Leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Motor vehicle accidents

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3
Q

Second leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Resident related accidental falls

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4
Q

Fourth leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Accidental drowning

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5
Q

Other important types of residence-related accidents

A

Open flames, hot surfaces and liquids, medicines, sharp edges, electricity and lawn mowers

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6
Q

Third leading cause of accidental deaths

A

Work-related accidents caused by fire and explosion of combustible material

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7
Q

Other important types of work-related accidents

A

Chemical burns, exposure to toxic gases and unsafe operation machinery

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8
Q

How to mitigate natural disaster damage

A

Proper land planning

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9
Q

Doubling sound pressure results in

A

An increase of 3 dB

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10
Q

Threshold of hearing

A

0 dB

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11
Q

Pain threshold

A

120 dB

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12
Q

3 effects of noise

A

Physiological, speech interference and psychological

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13
Q

Sources of noise

A

Vehicles, workplace and residence

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14
Q

Types of ionizing radiation

A

Alpha radiation, beta radiation and x-rays

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15
Q

Alpha radiation characteristics

A

Low penetration (no skin penetration), internal emitter

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16
Q

Beta radiation characteristics

A

More penetration than alpha, internal and external emitter

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17
Q

X-rays characteristics

A

Highly penetrating, external hazards

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18
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from the earth

A

Coal contains radioactive material that is released when burned

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19
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from solar radiation

A

Production of radioactive agents by cosmic radiation in the atmosphere

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20
Q

Ionizing radiation sources from man-made sources

A

Production of nuclear fuel, use of nuclear fuel, use of radioisotopes in industry, medicine and research, testing of nuclear weapons

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21
Q

4 types of radiation sources

A

Radiation from the earth, solar radiation, cosmic radiation and man-made radiation

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22
Q

Health effects of Strontium 90 and 89

A

Irradiate the skeleton

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23
Q

Health effects of Cesium 137

A

Irradiates soft tissues

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24
Q

Health effects of Carbon 14

A

Produces whole body radiation

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25
Q

Health effects of Iodine 131

A

Irradiates the thyroid gland

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26
Q

Acute clinical effects of radiation poisoning

A

Loss of hair, skin ulcers, damage to blood-forming organs

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27
Q

Acute radiation poisoning lethal dose

A

350-400 rem

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28
Q

Chronic radiation poisoning early signs

A

Changes in texture and pigmentation of the skin

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29
Q

Leukemia demonstrated in

A

Early radiologists and victims of atomic bombings

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30
Q

Skin cancer demonstrated in

A

Early radiologists

31
Q

Thyroid cancer demonstrated in

A

Children receiving neck x-rays

32
Q

Lung cancer demonstrated in

A

Occupationally exposed workers in metal and uranium mining

33
Q

Bone cancer demonstrated in

A

Radium dial painters

34
Q

Cataracts demonstrated in

A

Atomic bombing victims

35
Q

Shortened life span demonstrated in

A

Bombing victims, radiologists and animals

36
Q

Teratogenicity demonstrated in

A

Genetic injury

37
Q

Types of non-ionizing radiation

A

Ultra-violet radiation, visible energy, infrared radiation, microwaves and radio waves and lasers

38
Q

Ultra-violet radiation sources

A

Disinfectant properties, fluorescent lights, direct sunlight, electric welding arcs, photo engraving

39
Q

Ultra-violet radiation health effects

A

Inflammation of the cornea and skin burn

40
Q

Visible energy sources

A

Sunlight, artificial light

41
Q

Visible energy health effects

A

Inadequate lighting causes eye fatigue, headache and sunburn

42
Q

Infrared radiation sources

A

Paint drying, dehydration textiles, paper and other materials

43
Q

Infrared radiation health effects

A

Eye injury and production of cataracts and skin burn

44
Q

Microwaves and radio waves sources

A

Television, FM and radar transmitters, medical diathermy, microwave ovens

45
Q

Microwaves and radio waves health effects

A

Heating of tissues, lower frequencies penetrated deeper into tissues, especially at exposures of less than 3000 MH2, also possible cataract and gonadal damage may result

46
Q

Laser description

A

High intensity light radiation of a single wave length

47
Q

Laser health effects

A

Primarily eye hazard

48
Q

Heat health effects

A

Sunstroke, heat exhaustions, lowered production

49
Q

Cold and windchill health effects

A

Lowered production, frostbite and hypothermia

50
Q

Pressure health effects

A

Hypoxia (altitude sickness) decompression and compression (bends)

51
Q

Humidity health effects

A

High humidity contributes to heat stress

52
Q

5 types of particulates

A

Dust, smoke, fume, aerosols, mists

53
Q

Dust particle characteristics

A

Solid airborne particles 0.1-25 microns in size

54
Q

Dust sources

A

Atomspheric, industrial and mining

55
Q

Dust health effects

A

Pneumoconiosis

56
Q

Smoke particle characteristics

A

Carbon particle less than 0.1 microns

57
Q

Smoke source

A

Combustion

58
Q

Smoke health effects

A

Bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer

59
Q

Fume particle characteristics

A

Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state

60
Q

Fume source

A

Metals such as ZN and Fe

61
Q

Fume health effects

A

Fume fever, respiratory impairment

62
Q

Aerosols droplet characteristics

A

Liquid droplets suspended in air over long times

63
Q

Mists droplet characteristics

A

Suspended droplets that fall out quickly

64
Q

7 toxic and corrosive gases

A

Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, oxidants, chlorine, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide

65
Q

Criteria air pollutants

A

Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, oxidants

66
Q

Carbon monoxide source

A

Incomplete combustion of fuel, especially from motor vehicles

67
Q

Carbon monoxide general, acute and chronic health effects

A

General: has a greater affinity to hemoglobin
Acute: headache, dizziness, fatigue, psychomotor impairment, death
Chronic: damage to the heart; may induce atherosclerosis

68
Q

Sulfur oxides source

A

Combustion of fossil fuels

69
Q

Sulfur oxides health effects

A

As synergen with particulates, SO2 has been associated with greater mortality and respiratory irritant, causing pulmonary edema

70
Q

Nitrogen oxides source

A

Naturally occurring and from combustion of fossil fuels

71
Q

Nitrogen oxides acute health effects

A

Respiratory irritant and can cause pulmonary edema and death

72
Q

Oxidants source

A

Produced in the atmosphere by complex reactions with other pollutants especially oxides of nitrogen

73
Q

Oxides acute and chronic health effects

A

Acute: pulmonary edema, decreased lung function
Chronic: pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and bronchitis have been produced in lab animals, may produce again of alveolar wall

74
Q

4 explosive and combustible gases

A

Acetylene, butane, formaldehyde methane, picric acid

Rehs (14 decks)

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