Populations And Sustainability 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Population growth curve

A

Phase 1 - period of slow growth
Phase 2 - rapid growth
Phase 3 - stable state north and death rates are relatively equal

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2
Q

Limiting factors

A

Prevent further growth of a population
- abiotic factors - temp light pH availability of water
- biotic factors - predators disease competition

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3
Q

Migration

A

Immigration- movement of indiv into a particular area increased pop size
Emigration- movement of individuals away from a particular are decreases pop size

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4
Q

Density dependent factors

A

these limiting factors increase with the size of the population and limit growth as population size increases

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5
Q

Competition types

A

Interspecific
Intraspecific

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6
Q

Interspecific

A

Competition between different species for the same resource
Less adapted species becomes outcompetes and numbers decline

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7
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Same species compete for same resource
Greater availability of resource the population increase can be supported

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8
Q

Intraspecific competition stages

A

Stage 1- resource is plentiful all organisms reproduce once population
Stage 2 - resources limited due to more numbers populations decrease
Stage 3 - less competition population increases

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9
Q

Predator prey population relationship

A

Stage 1- increase in prey pop more food for predators (increase pop of pred.)
Stage 2- increased predator population eats more prey decreasing prey pop
Stage 3- Intraspecific competition occurs in predators decrease predator pop
Stage 4- reduced predator more prey reproduce cycle begins again

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10
Q

Conservation

A

Maintenance of biodiversity through human action or management
Natural resources used without running out - sustainable development

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11
Q

Reclamation

A

Restoring ecosystems that have been damaged or destroyed eg by floods or building development

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12
Q

Preservation

A

Protection of an area by restricting/ banning human interference

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13
Q

Importance of conservation

A

Economic- provide resources humans need and to provide an income
Social- enjoy the natural beauty of wild ecosystems
Ethical - all organisms right to exist and most play important role in ecosystem

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14
Q

Sustainable resource

A

A renewable resource that is economically exploited in such a way that it will not run out

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15
Q

Aims of sustainability

A

Preserve environment
Ensure resources are available for future
Allow humans in all society to live comfortably
Enable less economical developed countries to develop exploiting Nat resources

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16
Q

Small scale timber production

A

Coppicing- trunk is cut close to the ground and new shoots form form cut surface and mature
Rotational coppicing takes place - maintaining biodiv as trees never grow enough to block light so succession doesn’t occur

17
Q

Large scale timber production

A

To ensure sustainability
Practise selective cutting - biggest trees only
Replace trees
Plant optimal distance apart to reduce competition
Manage pests to max yield
Ensure areas of forest remain for people who live there

18
Q

Disadvantage of large scale timber

A

Habitats destroyed
Soil minerals reduced and susceptible to erosion
Trees are important in carbon and nitrogen cycles

19
Q

Sustainable fishing

A

Overfishing has led to a decline in many populations and are unable to regenerate
CFP in EU provide limits on what species of fish allowed in specific area
Specific mesh used - young fish escape
Only at certain times
Fish farming