Evolution 2

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

Process by which living organisms are sorted into groups

Question 2

7 taxonomic groups

Answer 2

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kings party continuously only for giant sausages

Question 3

Why classify organisms

Answer 3

To identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links

Question 4

How classify

Answer 4

Separated into 3 domains archaea bacteria and eukarya
As move down the hierarchy organisms become more similar and share more characteristics

Question 5

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 5

First word start w capital is organisms Genus
Second word is the species
Underline or in italics

Question 6

5 kingdoms

Answer 6

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 7

Prokaryotae

Answer 7

Unicellular
No nucleus/ membrane bond organelles

Question 8

Protoctista

Answer 8

Unicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chloroplasts - photosynthesis food production

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

Unicellular/multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Nutrients acquired by absorption

Question 10

Plantae

Answer 10

Multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chlorophyll
Autotrophs
Store as starch

Question 11

Animalia

Answer 11

Multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
No chloroplasts
Move w cilia flagella and contractile proteins
Heterotrophic feeders
Store as glycogen

Question 12

3 domains and differences

Answer 12

Eukarya- have 80s ribosomes and rna polymerase contains 12 proteins
Archaea - have 70s ribosomes rna polymerase contains 8-10 proteins
Bacteria have 70s ribosomes and rna polymerase contains 5 proteins

Question 13

Phylogeny

Answer 13

Evolutionary relationships between organisms
Trees - show different species evolved from common ancestor
Produced by looking at physical and genetic make up

Question 14

Advantages of phylogenetic classification

Answer 14

Confirm classification groups are correct
Produces a continuous tree
Linnaean classification can be misleading as it implies those in the same group writhing same rank are equivalent

Question 15

Evidence for evolution

Answer 15

Palaeontology
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry- chemical make up

Question 16

Comparative anatomy

Answer 16

Homologous tructure is a structure why appears structurally different in different organisms but has same underlying structure

Question 17

Divergent evolution

Answer 17

Homologous structures prove that there is a common ancestor different species have evolved from

Question 18

Types of variation

Answer 18

Interspecific- differences between different species
Intraspecific - differences between organisms within the same species

Question 19

Causes of variation

Answer 19

Differences in genetic material- genetic variation
Environmental variation

Question 20

Genetic variation

Answer 20

Allele variants eg eye colour
Mutations
Meiosis - independent assortment/crossing over
Chance

Question 21

Environmental causes

Answer 21

Diet- nutrition to grow
UV- melanin in skin darkens
Intelligence?

Question 22

Discontinuous variation

Answer 22

Discrete data
Clear groups
Eg blood group controlled by single gene

Question 23

Continuous variation

Answer 23

Polygenic
Frequency table - histogram

Question 24

Adaption types

Answer 24

Anatomical - physical
Behavioural - acts
Physiological - inner processes

Question 25

Anatomical adaptations

Answer 25

Body coverings Camo Teeth Mimicry Etc

Question 26

Behavioural

Answer 26

Innate behaviour or learned behaviour Survival behaviours Courtship Seasonal behaviours- migration/ hibernation

Question 27

Physiological adaptations

Answer 27

Poison production Antibiotic production Water holding

Question 28

Analagous structures

Answer 28

Different species have developed structures with the same function but different genetic origin

Question 29

Convergent evolution

Answer 29

When unrelated species begin to share similar traits Similarities are due to organisms adapting to similar environments or selection pressures

Question 30

Natural selection

Answer 30

Organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 31

Selection pressures

Answer 31

Factors that affect the organisms chances of survival or reproductive success

Question 32

Process of natural selection

Answer 32

Organisms within species show variation Those who are well adapted to specific selection pressures are more likely to survive and reproduce Pass this onto offspring Repeated for every generation can lead to new species

Question 33

Natural selection examples

Answer 33

MRSA developed antibiotic resistance Sheep blowflies developed pesticide resistance