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Biology > Evolution 2 > Flashcards

Evolution 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification

A

Process by which living organisms are sorted into groups

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2
Q

7 taxonomic groups

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kings party continuously only for giant sausages

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3
Q

Why classify organisms

A

To identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links

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4
Q

How classify

A

Separated into 3 domains archaea bacteria and eukarya
As move down the hierarchy organisms become more similar and share more characteristics

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5
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

First word start w capital is organisms Genus
Second word is the species
Underline or in italics

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6
Q

5 kingdoms

A

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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7
Q

Prokaryotae

A

Unicellular
No nucleus/ membrane bond organelles

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8
Q

Protoctista

A

Unicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chloroplasts - photosynthesis food production

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9
Q

Fungi

A

Unicellular/multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Nutrients acquired by absorption

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10
Q

Plantae

A

Multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Chlorophyll
Autotrophs
Store as starch

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11
Q

Animalia

A

Multicellular
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
No chloroplasts
Move w cilia flagella and contractile proteins
Heterotrophic feeders
Store as glycogen

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12
Q

3 domains and differences

A

Eukarya- have 80s ribosomes and rna polymerase contains 12 proteins
Archaea - have 70s ribosomes rna polymerase contains 8-10 proteins
Bacteria have 70s ribosomes and rna polymerase contains 5 proteins

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13
Q

Phylogeny

A

Evolutionary relationships between organisms
Trees - show different species evolved from common ancestor
Produced by looking at physical and genetic make up

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14
Q

Advantages of phylogenetic classification

A

Confirm classification groups are correct
Produces a continuous tree
Linnaean classification can be misleading as it implies those in the same group writhing same rank are equivalent

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15
Q

Evidence for evolution

A

Palaeontology
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry- chemical make up

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16
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

Homologous tructure is a structure why appears structurally different in different organisms but has same underlying structure

17
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Homologous structures prove that there is a common ancestor different species have evolved from

18
Q

Types of variation

A

Interspecific- differences between different species
Intraspecific - differences between organisms within the same species

19
Q

Causes of variation

A

Differences in genetic material- genetic variation
Environmental variation

20
Q

Genetic variation

A

Allele variants eg eye colour
Mutations
Meiosis - independent assortment/crossing over
Chance

21
Q

Environmental causes

A

Diet- nutrition to grow
UV- melanin in skin darkens
Intelligence?

22
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Discrete data
Clear groups
Eg blood group controlled by single gene

23
Q

Continuous variation

A

Polygenic
Frequency table - histogram

24
Q

Adaption types

A

Anatomical - physical
Behavioural - acts
Physiological - inner processes

25
Q

Anatomical adaptations

A

Body coverings
Camo
Teeth
Mimicry
Etc

26
Q

Behavioural

A

Innate behaviour or learned behaviour
Survival behaviours
Courtship
Seasonal behaviours- migration/ hibernation

27
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

Poison production
Antibiotic production
Water holding

28
Q

Analagous structures

A

Different species have developed structures with the same function but different genetic origin

29
Q

Convergent evolution

A

When unrelated species begin to share similar traits
Similarities are due to organisms adapting to similar environments or selection pressures

30
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

31
Q

Selection pressures

A

Factors that affect the organisms chances of survival or reproductive success

32
Q

Process of natural selection

A

Organisms within species show variation
Those who are well adapted to specific selection pressures are more likely to survive and reproduce
Pass this onto offspring
Repeated for every generation can lead to new species

33
Q

Natural selection examples

A

MRSA developed antibiotic resistance
Sheep blowflies developed pesticide resistance

Biology (24 decks)

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