Aerobic Respiration

Question 1

Glucose to hexose biphosphate

Answer 1

Use 2ATP molecules per glucose
- phosphorylation

Question 2

Hexose biphospate to triode phosphate

Answer 2

Splitting (lysis)

Question 3

Triose phosphate to Pyruvate

Answer 3

2ATP x 2 via substrate level phosphorylation
2 NADreduced

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

Net gain of 2ATP
Occurs in cytoplasm
2 NADreduced molecules

Question 5

Pyruvate to acetyl

Answer 5

2NAD reduced
2x CO2
Decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation

Question 6

Acetyl + CoA

Answer 6

Acetyl CoA carried to Krebs cycle

Question 7

Link reaction

Answer 7

2NAD reduced molecules
2 x CO2
Decarboxylation and dehydrogenation

Question 8

Citrate to 5C

Answer 8

NAD reduced (dehydrogenation)
CO2 (Decarboxylation )

Question 9

5C to 4 C

Answer 9

NAD reduced
CO2

Question 10

4C to oxaloacetate

Answer 10

ATP produced
NADreduced
FADrecuced

Question 11

Krebs cycle

Answer 11

X2 for 1 glucose molecule
3 Nad reduced per cycle
1 ATP per cycle
1 Fad reduced per cycle
2 CO2 produced per cycle

Question 12

Aerobic respiration products

Answer 12

10 NAD reduced
2 FAD reduced
6 CO2
Net gain of 4ATP

Question 13

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

NAD red and FAD red dissociate H+ and e-
2e- reduce and oxidise electron transport chain which release energy
Pumps protons through forming proton gradient
Protons diffuse through atp synthase chemiosmosis makes ATP
O2 final electron acceptor -> H2O

Question 14

Why is total atp not achieved

Answer 14

Some H+ leak back from intermembranal space into matrix
Some ATP used to transport Pyruvate into matrix

Question 15

Adaptions of inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 15

Large SA
impermeable to H+
Etc
Atp synthase

Question 16

Respirometer experiment

Answer 16

KOH used to absorb CO2
Glass beads to equalise volume
Fluid rises due to decrease of O2 reducing pressure

Question 17

Respiratory Quotient

Answer 17

Vol of CO2/ Vol of O2

Question 18

RQ values

Answer 18

1 = carb
0.9 = protein
0.7= fat
>1 = anaerobic

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration animals

Answer 19

Convert Pyruvate into lactate
No O2 to be final e- acceptor
Regenerates NAD

Question 20

Atp as a universal currency

Answer 20

It breaks down quickly to release small amounts of energy
Easily transported and only need one enzyme to break it down

Question 21

Respiration efficiency

Answer 21

40% efficient
rest of energy released as heat