Population & Settlement - Population Flashcards
What 2 things affect population growth?
Birth and death rate
What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
What is natural decrease?
When the birth rate is lower than the death rate
What happens to a country in Stage 1 of the DTM?
Birth rate - high
Death rate - high
Population growth - 0
Population size - low and steady
Example - no countries, some tribes in Brazil
What happens to a country in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Birth rate - high
Death rate - falling
Population growth - very high
Population size - fast increasing
Example - Gambia
What happens to a county in Stage 3 of the DTM?
Birth rate - falling
Death rate - falling
Population growth - high
Population size - increasing
Example - Egypt
What happens to a county in Stage 4 of the DTM?
Birth rate - low
Death rate - low
Population growth - 0
Population size - high
Example - UK
What happens to a country in Stage 5 of the DTM?
Birth rate - slowly falling
Death rate - low
Population growth - decreasing
Population size - falling
Example - Japan
What happens to a country as it becomes more developed?
Birth and death rate changes - more money, healthcare improves, death rate drops = population increase
What is a population pyramid?
Shows how many people there are of each age group and sex
What is overpopulation and what causes it?
When there are too many people for the resources
Rapid population growth causes it
What counties are more likely to be overpopulated?
Stage 2/3 - LEDCs bc they have high birth rate and falling death rate
What causes a youthful population?
Low life expectancy, high birth rate
What problems can youthful & overpopulated countries face?
Services can’t cope
Food/water shortage
Homelessness
Not enough jobs
Increased poverty - children born into already poor families, children have to work to support family so they miss out on education
What can be done to control overpopulation?
Birth control
Immigration laws
What is an ageing population?
More people aged over 65 than under 65
What issues do an ageing population face?
Services under strain - not enough working people
Population decrease - people may have less children as they have to look after old relatives
Government need to give out more pensions
Government get less taxes, as only working people pay them
How can you cope with an ageing population?
Encourage big families
Encourage immigration of young people from other countries
Rise retirement age
Rise taxes of working people
What is immigration and emigration?
Immigration - people moving INTO and area
Emigration - people EXITING an area
What are push factors of migration?
Shortage of jobs/low wages
Poor standard of life
Poor education
War
Natural disaster
What are the pull factors of migration?
More employment/higher wages
Better standard of life
Better education and healthcare
No war
Less natural disasters
What is internal migration?
Moving from one area to another within the same country
What are the positives of Internal Emigration?
Less pressure on services
Money is sent back home
What are the negatives of Internal Emigration?
Labour shortages
Lots of old people that don’t work and need looking after
What are the positives of Internal Immigration?
Bigger labour force
Migrant workers pay taxes
What are the negatives of Internal Immigration?
Competition for jobs
Increased demand on services
Money earned by immigrants is sent back home
How can you control internal migration?
Choose who comes into the country based on age, work, education, language
