Case Study - Population and Settlement Flashcards
Name the case study for population management
China’s one child policy
Name the International Migration (outside the EU) case study
Mexico to USA
Name the Internal Migration case study
Rural - Urban in Brazil
Name the MEDC Land Use Change case study
Regeneration of the London Docklands
Name the Retail Provision Change case study
Bluewater Shopping Centre
What did China’s One Child Policy include?
Each couple could only have 1 child
If couples had more than 1 child, they would have to pay a fine or the mother would be forced into abortion
You had to be over 25 and married to have a child
What happened if a couple had 1 child in China’s One Child Policy?
They would get free healthcare, education and money
What were the exceptions to China’s One Child Policy?
Married couples in the countryside were allowed 2 children to help with farming
Why was China’s One Child Policy introduced?
China wanted to improve its wealth - the president thought the country had too many people to increase its wealth
There were more people in China than the population of Europe, America and Japan
The population was almost 1 billion
Why did China think that it couldn’t become rich with a big population?
Need more food which means they couldn’t sell it to other countries
The government would have to spend a lot on health care and education
Wouldn’t be enough jobs, so the government would have to pay benefits
Did China’s One Child Policy work?
Yes, the rate of population growth is now 0.7%
The policy has now relaxed more, couples can apply to have more than one child, if there first child was a girl or if both the parents are only children
Even though the population growth is smaller now, the population of China is still 1.3 billion
What are the negatives to China’s One Child Policy?
Most families want a boy, so they would adopt/abort the girls, men now outnumber women by over 60 million
Forced abortions
Overpopulated orphanages
What are the negative impacts of international migration between Mexico and USA on the USA?
Millions of dollars spent on border patrols and prisons
Mexicans are seen as a drain on the US economy
Cultural and racial tension
Money earned by Mexicans is sent back to Mexico, not spent in the USA so this affects their economy
What are the positive impacts of international migration between Mexico and USA on the USA?
Mexican migrants benefit the US economy by working low wages
Mexican culture enriches the US with food, language, music ect
What are the negative impacts of international migration in Mexico and USA, on Mexico?
Shortage of economically active people
Men tend to emigrate, leaving many women who are then unable to reproduce = drop in population
Young people tend to emigrate, leaving lots of old people and children
What are the positive impacts of international migration from Mexico to USA, on Mexico?
Immigrants send $6 billion a year back to Mexico, which strengthens their economy
What are the push factors of international migration from Mexico to USA?
Poop medical facilities - 1800 per doctor
Low paid jobs
Adult literacy rates 55%
40% unemployed
What are the pull factors of international migration from Mexico to USA?
Good medical facilities - 400 per doctor
Well paid jobs - GNP $24, 750
Adult literacy rates 99%
Many jobs available
What are the push factors of internal migration rural to urban in Brazil?
Poor healthcare
Schools are poor and crowded
Low quality of life
Unemployment
Workers don’t own their own land- they have no power to improve it
What are the pull factors of internal migration rural to urban in Brazil
Better schools
Better hospitals
Higher wages and more reliable income
Better quality of life
Higher employment rates
More entertainment - appeals to younger people
What the problems with internal migration rural to urban in Brazil?
Wages are low and workers are exploited
Overcrowding
Water pollution
Shanty towns built - unsafe, prone to flooding, landslides ect
Sewage on streets from shanty towns - disease
What do the self-help schemes for internal migration rural to urban Brazil include?
Small groups of people work together to improve their housing
Wooden shacks replaces with brick
Houses get electricity, TV and mains water
Improvement of roads
Why did the London Docklands go into decline?
Increase in ship size meant they couldn’t fir down the river
Containerisation meant not as many people were needed
What are the social changes on the regeneration of the London Docklands?
£10 million spent on homes
22, 000 new homes built
Old warehouses turned into housing
shopping parades, restaurants, pubs and cafes built
£100 million spent on health, education and job training
Docklands Sailing and Watersports Centre built
What are the economic changes in the regeneration of the London Docklands?
Unemployment fallen
Opening of the Docklands Light Railway
£7.7 billion private sector investment
City Airport built
Attraction of financial and high-tech firms
TV/newspaper companies like The Guardian have built their offices
What are the environmental changes in the London Docklands?
Pedestrian bridges and cycle routes
New open spaces
17 conservation areas set up- bird sanctuary, ecology park
200,000 tress planted
The area received many awards for architecture, conservation and landscaping
What are the positives to the regeneration of the London Docklands?
Increase in trade
Better transport
Conservation
Sustainable building
Large TNCs came
What are the negatives to the regeneration of the London Docklands?
Didn’t benefit the original residents, they couldn’t afford new housing
No community
High skilled jobs not for old dockers
What are the economic impacts of Bluewater Shopping Centre?
Provides jobs
Strengthens local economy
CBD is now struggling as more people go to the out of town shopping centres instead, leads to urban decay
What are the environmental impacts of Bluewater Shopping Centre?
Increased congestion
Light pollution
What are the positives to Bluewater Shopping Centre?
Good transport links (M25)
320 shops
Lots of parking (13, 000)
Cafes and Restaurants
50 acres of lakes, parkland, playgrounds and cycle ways
Crèche
12 screen cinema
Family Friendly
Why did Bluewater Shopping Centre locate out of town?
More land available
Cheaper land
Workers nearby
Good transport links
