Population Questions

Question 1

What is population change in a country affected by?

Answer 1

• difference between the BIRTH RATE and the DEATH RATE (rate of natural change)
• the balance between IMMIGRATION and EMIGRATION (net migration)

Question 2

What is this picture of?

Answer 2

Demographic transition model

Question 3

What is a demographic transition model?

What does it show?

Answer 3

Helps to explain the causes of a change in population size.

Question 4

Demographic transition model:

Explain the 5 stages (what countries are where)

Answer 4

Stage 1:
No country as a whole remains here.

Stage 2: Poorest developing countries

Stage 3: most developing countries ( undergone social and economic advances)

Stage 4 / 5: All developed countries of the world are now in here.

Question 5

Demographic transition model:

Explain Stage 1

Answer 5

The high stationary stage (1):

• birth rate: high + stable
• death rate: high + fluctuating
  (Bc.: famine, disease, war)
• population growth: very slow, may be periods of decline

Question 6

Demographic transition model:

Explain stage 2:

Answer 6

The early expanding stage (2):

• death rate: declines
  (Levels never experienced before)
• birth rate: remains at previous level
  (Social norms of fertility take time to change)
• rate of natural change: increases
  (To a peak by end of stage)

Question 7

Demographic transition model:

Explain stage 3:

Answer 7

The late expanding stage (3):

• social norms: adjust to lower mortality (after time period)
• birth rate: begins to decline

Question 8

Demographic transition model:

Explain stage 4:

Answer 8

The low stationary stage (4):

• birth rate: low
• death rate: low (slightly higher - changing: economic conditions)
• population growth: slow

Question 9

Demographic transition model:

Explain stage 5:

Answer 9

The natural decrease stage (5):

• limited but increasing number countries
• birth rate: below death rate
• death rate: higher than birth rate

Question 10

Demographic transition model:

Give KEY features in each stage overal

Answer 10

• birth rates: higher in stages 1 + 2
• death rates: fell more steeply (1,2)
• in larger populations: high growth in 2 and 3 = higher impact
• fertility: stage 3 = fall (steeper)
• relationship between population change and economic development = much weaker

Question 11

True of false:

Birth rate is the most accurate measure of fertility

Answer 11

False!

Question 12

What factors affect fertility?

Answer 12

• measured: total fertility rate

Factors:

• demographic:
  Other population factors (infant mortality rate)
• social / cultural;
  Tradition demands high rates of reproduction. Education is key to lower fertility. Religion.
• Economic:
  Less developed = Children seen as economic asset
  More developed = cost of child dependency years
• political:
  Governments may attempt to change rate of population growth

Question 13

Five factors affecting mortality

Answer 13

• physical environment:
  Causes challenges in developing countries
• social, economic contribute to high rates of disease:

Poverty 
Poor access to healthcare
Antibiotic resistance
Evolving human migration patterns 
New infectious agents

Question 14

Describe a graph showing a developing country (population increasing)

Answer 14

Question 15

Give signs of population pressure

Answer 15

• intense competition for land
• heavy traffic congestion
• high house prices
• pressure on water resources

Question 16

One child policy : where?

Answer 16

China

Question 17

Give problems caused by one child policy

Answer 17

• China had 32 million more men aged under 20 than women
• impact on gender ratio
• china’s low birth rate in 2016 has contributed to ageing population

Question 18

EXAM QUESTION:

Describe and explain the rate of natural change at each stage of the model of demographic transition.
5 marks

Answer 18