2.2 Rivers

Question 1

Tributary

Answer 1

A stream or river which joins a larger river

Question 2

Drainage basin

Answer 2

The area of land drained by a river system

Question 3

Watershed

Answer 3

A ridge or other line of separation between two river systems

Question 4

Confluence

Answer 4

A point at which two rivers meet

Question 5

Interception

Answer 5

The precipitation that is collected and stored by vegetation

Question 6

Infiltration

Answer 6

Movement of water into the soil

Rate at which water enters the soil, depends on rainfall, permeability of souk and extent which already saturated

Question 7

Throughflow

Answer 7

Downslope movement of water in subsoil

Question 8

Evaporation

Answer 8

The process in which a liquid turns to a vapour

Question 9

Overland flow

Answer 9

Overland movement of water after rainfall
Fastest way in which water reaches a river. Amount of overland runoff increases with heavy and prolonged rainfall, steep gradients, lack of vegetation cover and saturated / frozen soil

Question 10

Abrasion

Answer 10

Wearing away of the bed and bank by the load carried by a river

Question 11

Attrition

Answer 11

The wearing away of the load carried by a river

Created smaller, rounded particles

Question 12

Hydraulic action

Answer 12

Force of air and water on the sides of rivers and in cracks

Question 13

Groundwater flow

Answer 13

Movement of water from land to river through rock

Slowest form of water movement

Question 14

Suspension

Answer 14

Small particles are held up by turbulent flow in the river

Question 15

Saltation

Answer 15

The removal of chemical jobs esp. calcium which cause rocks to dissolve

Chemical load is carried dissolved in the water

Question 16

Traction

Answer 16

Heaviest material is dragged or rolled along the bed of the river

Question 17

Main types of transport

Answer 17

Suspension
Saltation
Solution 
Traction
(Flotation)

Question 18

Deposition

Answer 18

Occurs due to a decline in energy or velocity

Question 19

Landforms caused by erosion

Answer 19

Waterfalls
Gorges
Potholes

Question 20

Landforms caused by erosion and deposition

Answer 20

Meanders

Oxbow lakes

Question 21

Landforms caused by deposition

Answer 21

Levees and floodplain

Question 22

EXAM QUESTION

Briefly explain how waterfalls and gorges are formed (4 marks)

Answer 22

Question 23

Draw annotated diagram to show formation of oxbow lake (4 marks)

Answer 23

Question 24

Long and cross section profiles of river diagram

Answer 24

Question 25

Name causes of floods

Answer 25

Question 26

List opportunities presented by rivers

Answer 26

Question 27

Give ways of managing impacts of river flooding

Answer 27