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GCSE Geography (new) > 2.1 Earthquakes And Volcanoes > Flashcards

2.1 Earthquakes And Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

Crater

A

Depression at the top of a volcano following a volcanic eruption. It may contain a lake

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2
Q

Lava

A

Molten magma that has reached the earths surface.

May be liquid or may have solidified

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3
Q

Shield volcano

A

Gently sloping volcano produced by very hot runny lava

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4
Q

Cone volcano

A

Steeply sloping volcano produced by thick lava

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5
Q

Ash

A

Very fine grained volcanic material

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6
Q

Cinders

A

Small sized rocks and coarse volcanic materials

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7
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock within the earth

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8
Q

Magma chamber

A

Reservoir of magma located deep inside volcano

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9
Q

Pyroclastic flow

A

Super hot (700 Celsius) flows of ash, pumice (volcanic rocks) and steam at speeds of over 500 km/h

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10
Q

Vent

A

Channel through which volcanic material is ejected

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11
Q

Dormant

A

Volcanoes which have not erupted for a very long time but could erupt again

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12
Q

Active

A

A volcano currently showing signs of activity

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13
Q

Extinct

A

A volcano which has shown no signs of activity in historic times

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14
Q

Intensity

A

Power of an earthquake is generally measured using Richter scale or sometimes the Mercalli scale

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15
Q

Richter Scale

A

Open ended scale to record magnitude of earthquakes - the higher the number or the scale, the greater the strength of the earthquakes

More small EQ than larger

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16
Q

Mercalli scale

Probably not needed

A

Relates to ground movement to commonplace observations of ie light bulbs, book cases and building damage

17
Q

Epicentre

A

Point on the earths surface directly above focus of an earthquake
Strength of the shock waves generally decrease away from the epicentre

18
Q

Focus

A

Position within earth where an earthquake occurs,
Earthquakes may be divided into shallow focus and deep focus earthquakes depending on how far below the earths surface they occur

19
Q

Describe difference between composite volcanoes and shield volcanoes

A
20
Q

7 major tectonic plates

A 
Eurasian
North American
South American 
African
Indo-Australian 
Pacific 
Antarctic
21
Q

Minor plates

Tectonic

A 
Caribbean
Juan de Fuca
Cocos
Aegean
Adriatic
Turkish
22
Q

World map of tectonic plates

A
23
Q

Describe 4 processes at plate boundaries

A
24
Q

Give causes of earthquakes and volcanoes

A

Nuclear testing
Weight of large dams
Drilling for oil / fracking

25
Q

Earthquake primary, secondary hazards and impacts

A
26
Q

Volcanoes direct, indirect hazards and socio-economic impacts

A
27
Q

Opportunities provided by volcanoes

A

New land and islands for people to live
Fertile soils
Soils rich in minerals
Important as tourist destinations

28
Q

Give main ways to deal with earthquakes

Reducing impact

A

Better forecasting and warning
Building location
Building design
Emergency procedured

29
Q

Predicting earthquakes

A 
Small-scale ground surface changes 
Ground tilt
Changes in rock stress
Micro-earthquake activity
Changes in radon gas concentration
Unusual animal behaviour, esp. toads

GCSE Geography (new) (21 decks)

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