Population of China Flashcards

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1
Q

Current population

A

1.3 billion

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2
Q

Largest city?

A

Shanghai

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3
Q

Example of rapid urbanisation

A

Province of Guangdong grew by 37.5% between 2000-2010

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4
Q

Where does the economy rank globally?

A

2nd but estimated to over take USA by 2035

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5
Q

When was the 1 child policy introduced?

A

1982

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6
Q

Why was policy introduced?

A

Gov. Feared rapid pop growth could lead to poverty

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7
Q

Negative incentives

A

10% salary cut

2nd born abroad not allowed Chinese citizenship
Pay cuts
Pay healthcare + education for all family

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8
Q

3 positive incentives

A

5-10% salary rise

Priority housing, pension + family benefits

Free education

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9
Q

What was the result by 2010?

A

Annual pop growth dropped to 0.49%

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10
Q

Why did the pop growth fall so much?

A

BR fell to 12.17 per 1000
DR was 6.9 per 1000
Political isolation = migration had no effect

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11
Q

What 2 population issues did this create?

A

Ageing population

Gender imbalance

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12
Q

Describe the population structure after the policy?

A

Median age: 35.2

LE: 74.5yrs

Only 17.9% of Chinese = 0-14

2020 prediction = 162.4 million over 60s

Dependency time bomb ticking because traditionally people retire at 51

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13
Q

How many more boys under 9yrs are there? (2000 census)

A

12.77 million more = future will be less women to marry

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14
Q

Why are there more boys than girls?

A

High rate of female infanticide because tradition that son provides for his parents

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15
Q

What has been done to stop gender imbalance?

A

Gov. Forbade use of ultra-sound to establish the sex of foetus = discouraging selective abortion

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16
Q

What is the Malthusian view of China’s pop?

A

It is putting pressure on resources + quality of environment

Policy was to prevent rapidly growing pop outstripping valuable resources

Decrease pop would be good thing

17
Q

What’s the Boserupian view of China’s pop?

A

Decrease in pop could cause economic slowdown

Could threaten its economic growth

18
Q

2 problems China could face in future?

A

Urbanisation + worker rights

Lack of investment in education

19
Q

Explain urbanisation and worker rights

A

All growth taken part in cities but rate of urbanisation is slower the econ growth

300 million will rural to urban migrate in next 30yrs = not enough to meet labour demands for econ growth

20
Q

What is done to deter migrants from the city?

A

Hukou

Migrants aren’t allowed benefits that come with permanent urban residency unless give up rural land rights

21
Q

Explain lack of investment in education

A

Low because of drive for econ growth

Only 2% of Chinese over 25 = university educated

Lack of educated WD = limits potential knowledge economy = hard to appoint qualified staff