Population of China Flashcards
Current population
1.3 billion
Largest city?
Shanghai
Example of rapid urbanisation
Province of Guangdong grew by 37.5% between 2000-2010
Where does the economy rank globally?
2nd but estimated to over take USA by 2035
When was the 1 child policy introduced?
1982
Why was policy introduced?
Gov. Feared rapid pop growth could lead to poverty
Negative incentives
10% salary cut
2nd born abroad not allowed Chinese citizenship
Pay cuts
Pay healthcare + education for all family
3 positive incentives
5-10% salary rise
Priority housing, pension + family benefits
Free education
What was the result by 2010?
Annual pop growth dropped to 0.49%
Why did the pop growth fall so much?
BR fell to 12.17 per 1000
DR was 6.9 per 1000
Political isolation = migration had no effect
What 2 population issues did this create?
Ageing population
Gender imbalance
Describe the population structure after the policy?
Median age: 35.2
LE: 74.5yrs
Only 17.9% of Chinese = 0-14
2020 prediction = 162.4 million over 60s
Dependency time bomb ticking because traditionally people retire at 51
How many more boys under 9yrs are there? (2000 census)
12.77 million more = future will be less women to marry
Why are there more boys than girls?
High rate of female infanticide because tradition that son provides for his parents
What has been done to stop gender imbalance?
Gov. Forbade use of ultra-sound to establish the sex of foetus = discouraging selective abortion
What is the Malthusian view of China’s pop?
It is putting pressure on resources + quality of environment
Policy was to prevent rapidly growing pop outstripping valuable resources
Decrease pop would be good thing
What’s the Boserupian view of China’s pop?
Decrease in pop could cause economic slowdown
Could threaten its economic growth
2 problems China could face in future?
Urbanisation + worker rights
Lack of investment in education
Explain urbanisation and worker rights
All growth taken part in cities but rate of urbanisation is slower the econ growth
300 million will rural to urban migrate in next 30yrs = not enough to meet labour demands for econ growth
What is done to deter migrants from the city?
Hukou
Migrants aren’t allowed benefits that come with permanent urban residency unless give up rural land rights
Explain lack of investment in education
Low because of drive for econ growth
Only 2% of Chinese over 25 = university educated
Lack of educated WD = limits potential knowledge economy = hard to appoint qualified staff
