Key Flashcards
Isostatic change
Local changes where the height of land changes relative to the global sea level
Land rising relative to sea as result of crustal movements
Eustatic change
A global change in sea level linked to temperature of earth
Hot = water expands + sea rise
Cold = ocean water colder + contracts = fall in sea levels
Knick points
A sharp break of slope in the smooth, concave long profile of a river
Retreat upstream
Incised meander
A steep sided meander that is cut into the floodplain
Because of remapped change in base level = increase verticals erosion
River terrace
Old floodplains left perched above current flood plain
Landforms created by rejuvenation
Knickpoints
Incised meanders
River terraces
What does a drop in base level cause?
A response by the river system to carve into the landscape = increase vertical erosion
BR
The number of live births per 1000 in a population per year
No. Live births in pop/1000
DR
Number of deaths per 1000 of a pop per year
Number of deaths in pop/1000
IMR
Number of deaths of infants (1yr + below) per 1000 of pop per year
No deaths of infants in pop/1000
Migration rate
Difference of number of people entering or leaving a country per year per 1000
How are waves generated?
Wind blowing over sea
Fetch
The maximum length of open water over which the wind can blow
Constructive waves
Long wave length, low frequency + height
Strong swash + weak backwash
Gentle beach profile but will build up beach making it steeper
Forms berms
Destructive waves
Short wavelength, high frequency + height
Weak swash + strong backwash
Steeper beach profile but over time will flatten beach
What type of coastlines do headlands and bays usually form?
Discordant
Renewable energy
It can be replenished at a similar rate to which it’s used
Non-renewable energy
Can run out and can’t be replaced in the foreseeable future
Tides
Are variations in sea level caused by gravitational pull of the moon + sun
Tidal range
The relative difference in height between high tide and low tide
Cusps
Crescent-shaped indentations that form on beaches of mixed sand and shingle
They are formed where there is a junction between sand and shingle
Berms
Series of smaller ridges formed beneath the storm ridge
Mark the successive high tides that follow the spring tide through to the neap tide
Bar
A spit that joins together 2 headlands
Particularly obvious at low tide
What % of France’s energy is nuclear?
78%
What % of UK’s energy is oil and gas?
Over 70%
What % of France’s energy is nuclear?
78%
What % of UK’s energy is oil and gas?
Over 70%
2 types of incised meander
Entrenched
Ingrown
Entrenched meander
Are symmetrical and form when the river down cuts quickly
Little opportunity for lateral erosion to occur
Ingrown meander
Asymmetrical
Form when the river down cuts at less rapid pace, gives time to erode laterally too
2 types of incised meander
Entrenched
Ingrown
Entrenched meander
Are symmetrical and form when the river down cuts quickly
Little opportunity for lateral erosion to occur
Ingrown meander
Asymmetrical
Form when the river down cuts at less rapid pace, gives time to erode laterally too
