Population in Australia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the population?

A

21.5 million

Only 1/3 of UK

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2
Q

Describe the country

A

Areas of 7.6 million km

World’s 6th largest country

Highest standard of living in the world

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3
Q

Where do most live?

A

3/4 love in narrow coastal belt in SE corner

Brisbane to Adelaide

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4
Q

Where does most of export wealth come from?

A

Enormous reserves of mineral (iron ore)

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5
Q

What is the GDP per capita?

A

$67,458

One of richest countries in world

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6
Q

Life expectancy

A

81.6

Aboriginals = 63

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7
Q

BR + DR

A

BR higher than UK + China

DR lower than UK

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8
Q

Population structure

A

Median age = 37.5

More younger people than UK or China

AGEING POPULATION

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9
Q

Pop growth

A

One of fastest rates in HICs

1.3%

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10
Q

What has the gov. Done to increase BR?

A

Introduced paid parental leave and baby grants

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11
Q

What type of theory does the gov. use?

A

Boserup

Immigration drives economic growth, supplies skilled workers to help offset + support ageing population + increase size of domestic market

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12
Q

Why else is immigration important?

A

Every year 600 pop well qualified young Australians emigrate to work overseas + need to be replaced

Without it they would face skills shortage in its mines, industries + farms

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13
Q

What were the 2 phases of immigration?

A

Assisted passage (1970s)

Skills-based migration

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14
Q

How has pop growth contributed to environmental issues?

A

Drought + water supply

Declining soil quality

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15
Q

What are the 3 main issues with water supply

A

Rainfall is unreliable

Evaporation is high

Water inland is mostly obtained by drilling for limited groundwater

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16
Q

How has drought affected the rural areas?

A

No.sheep fell from 120 million(1998) to 100 million (2008)

17
Q

What has been done to increase water storage capacity?

A

Snowy mountains scheme = dams + reservoirs been constructed in mountains of wetter parts of Victoria

Today it supplies 60% of Australia’s food and wine production

18
Q

What are the 2 soil problems that have arisen?

A

Soil salinity = increase salt content because irrigation water = rich in mineral salts

Soil erosion = dry areas are over grazed