Population Genetics Flashcards
What is a population
A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species living in the same space at the same time
What is a locus (plural loci)
A position in the genome where there might be one or more alleles in the population
What is an allele
A variant at a locus or gene
What is a genotype
The combination of alleles carried by an individual at a particular locus
What is heterozygosity
The frequency of hetrozygotes in a population- a measure of variability of a locus
What are the hardy Weinberg equations
p+q=1
p^2+pq+q^2=1
What is the hardy Weinberg equilibrium used to calculate
To calculate the genotype frequency from allele frequency
When is the population in hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
When mating is random,
There is no population structure
No selection
Population size is infinite so there is no interbreeding
What is heterozygosity
A measure of variation of a population at a gene
What is the equation to measure a change in heterozygosity?
Delta H= -1/2N x H
Where H is heterozygosity and N is population size
Genetic drift equation
Delta H = 2u(1-H)
Where u is the mutation rate
Mutation drift balance equation
H = 4Nu/1+4Nu
U is mutation rate
H is heterozygosity
N is population size
What are the three types of selection
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Sexual selection
What is artificial selection
Human domestication of animals eg dogs and cattle
What is natural selection
The main agent of evolutionary change based on the concept that variation in reproductive success permits the most adaptive variants to survive
