Microarrays Flashcards
What are microarrays used for?
Assessing gene expression profiling
What type of nucleotide is used in microarrays
DNA oligo nucleotides
What hybridises to the array?
The RNA that is expressed within that particular cell in those conditions
What is the sodium concentration of hybridisation washes?
Strong salt concentration to start with and then low concentration to remove the RNA that has bound
What is the advantages of using smaller probes
They can differentiate and quantify relative levels of alternative splicing products from a single gene
What are the 3 main applications of microarrays?
Expression profiling
Genotyping
Array-comparative genomic hybridisation
What type of microarray can be used to determine the changes in cancerous tissue
Array-comparative genomic hybridisation
How do you interpret array-comparative genomic library results
Computer assisted image analysis
What does transcriptome analysis analyse
The complete set of RNAs present in a cell including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and other non coding RNAs
What is the process for determining the transcriptome
RNA-seq
What is RNA-seq also known as
Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing
What can increase the reliability of assembly
De novo assembly
What does the proteome analyse?
Proteins
What can be used in proteomics as analysis
Western blots
What can be used to detect proteins
Immunoassays
What are proteins separated by
Size and ionisation
What does hnRNA stand for
Heterogenous nuclear RNA
What is hnRNA turned into after splicing
mRNA
What are the additions and at which ends turn hnRNA into mRNA
Capping at the 5’ end and adding a poly (A) tail at the 3’ end
What do introns start and end with?
Start with GU end with AG
Define introns early
Introns have always been there and now introns are lost due to evolution
Define introns late
The genome was uninterrupted but through time introns have been inserted
What is the evidence for introns
The mosaic structure of the genome which is supported by most intron phases being 0 there is no frame shift between exons
What is alternative splicing?
The production of different RNA products from a single sequence
What are transposable elements
Mobile DNA elements which are able to move around the genome in set chunks that can insert into the genome
Types of viral transposons RNA mediated
Ty elements
Copia elements
LINES
Non-viral transposons RNA mediated
F and G elements
SINES
Alu sequences
DNA mediated transposons
Eukaryotic transposons
P elements
Ac and Ds elements
