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Genomes > Microarrays > Flashcards

Microarrays Flashcards

0
Q

What are microarrays used for?

A

Assessing gene expression profiling

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1
Q

What type of nucleotide is used in microarrays

A

DNA oligo nucleotides

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2
Q

What hybridises to the array?

A

The RNA that is expressed within that particular cell in those conditions

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3
Q

What is the sodium concentration of hybridisation washes?

A

Strong salt concentration to start with and then low concentration to remove the RNA that has bound

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4
Q

What is the advantages of using smaller probes

A

They can differentiate and quantify relative levels of alternative splicing products from a single gene

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5
Q

What are the 3 main applications of microarrays?

A

Expression profiling
Genotyping
Array-comparative genomic hybridisation

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6
Q

What type of microarray can be used to determine the changes in cancerous tissue

A

Array-comparative genomic hybridisation

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7
Q

How do you interpret array-comparative genomic library results

A

Computer assisted image analysis

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8
Q

What does transcriptome analysis analyse

A

The complete set of RNAs present in a cell including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and other non coding RNAs

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9
Q

What is the process for determining the transcriptome

A

RNA-seq

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10
Q

What is RNA-seq also known as

A

Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing

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11
Q

What can increase the reliability of assembly

A

De novo assembly

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12
Q

What does the proteome analyse?

A

Proteins

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13
Q

What can be used in proteomics as analysis

A

Western blots

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14
Q

What can be used to detect proteins

A

Immunoassays

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15
Q

What are proteins separated by

A

Size and ionisation

16
Q

What does hnRNA stand for

A

Heterogenous nuclear RNA

17
Q

What is hnRNA turned into after splicing

A

mRNA

18
Q

What are the additions and at which ends turn hnRNA into mRNA

A

Capping at the 5’ end and adding a poly (A) tail at the 3’ end

19
Q

What do introns start and end with?

A

Start with GU end with AG

20
Q

Define introns early

A

Introns have always been there and now introns are lost due to evolution

21
Q

Define introns late

A

The genome was uninterrupted but through time introns have been inserted

22
Q

What is the evidence for introns

A

The mosaic structure of the genome which is supported by most intron phases being 0 there is no frame shift between exons

23
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

The production of different RNA products from a single sequence

24
Q

What are transposable elements

A

Mobile DNA elements which are able to move around the genome in set chunks that can insert into the genome

25
Q

Types of viral transposons RNA mediated

A

Ty elements
Copia elements
LINES

26
Q

Non-viral transposons RNA mediated

A

F and G elements
SINES
Alu sequences

27
Q

DNA mediated transposons

A

Eukaryotic transposons
P elements
Ac and Ds elements

Genomes (8 decks)

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