Population Genetics Flashcards
Define population genetics.
Population genetics is the quantative study of the distribution of genetic variation in populations and how the frequencies of genes and genotypes are maintained or changed.
What are the four main evolutionary forces that affect allele frequency?
- Natural Selection 2. Genetic Drift 3. Mutation 4. Gene flow
__________ is the mechanism for a genome mutation.
Chromosome missegragation
__________ is the mechanism for a chromosome mutation.
Chromosome rearrangement
____________ is the mechanism for a gene mutation
Base Pair mutation
How many genes does each individual have?
25,000
Each new baby has a _______ risk of a new mutation at one locus.
2.6%
What is incidence equal to?
Incidence is twice the mutation rate
What is the idealized assumptions in the Hardy-Weinber Equilibrium?
- Large population mating randomly 2. allele frequencies remain constant over time because no new mutation, no natural selection and no immigration/emigration
What is stratification?
Refers to a population containing two or more subgroups which tend to preferentially mate with their own subgroup
What is assortive mating?
Refers to when the choice of mat is dependent on a particular trait
What are the three factors that contradict random mating?
- Stratification 2. Assortive mating 3. Consanguinity
__________ affect the number of chromosomes in the cell.
Genome mutations
_____________ alter the structure of individual chromosomes.
Chromosome Mutations
____________ can alter individual genes.
Gene mutations
