Pharmocogenetics

Question 1

You prescribe felodipine to a hypertensive patient. A few weeks later, the patient develops a sinus infection and drinks a glass of grapefruit juice each morning with the medication you prescribed. What is the most likely outcome regarding the drug’s actions?

Answer 1

Inhibition of CYP3A metabolism, making the patient hypotensive

Question 2

What is pharmacogenetics?

Answer 2

It is the study of differences in drug response due to allelic variation in genes affecting drug metabolism, efficacy and toxicity.Involves the study of just a few genes and these genes are selected based on prior knowledge of their roles in drugs metabolism.

Question 3

What is pharmacogenomics?

Answer 3

Sets of alleles at a large number of polymorphic loci are being identified that distinguish patients who have responded adversely to what was considered a beneficial drug from those who have no adverse reaction.

Question 4

What is phamocokinetics.

Answer 4

The rate at which the body absorbs, transports, metabolizes or excretes drugs or their metabolites

Question 5

What is phase I metabolism?

Answer 5

How a drug reaches its target/ attaches a polar group onto the compound to make is more soluble, usually a hydroxylation step.

Question 6

What is phase II metabolism?

Answer 6

Attaching a sugar/ acetyl group to detoxify the drug and make is easier to excrete

Question 7

While most CYP genes are important in the rate of inactivation of a drug, is some cases, the CYP genes is required to activate a drug. For example _________ convert codeine to morphine

Answer 7

CYP2D6

Question 8

A frame shift alters CYP genes and causes _________

Answer 8

No activity

Question 9

Splicing mutations alters CYP genes and causes _________

Answer 9

No activity

Question 10

A misssense mutation alters CYP protein function and ____________

Answer 10

Reduces activity

Question 11

_________ is responsible for metabolizing cyclosporin, ketoconazole, rifampin and grape juice

Answer 11

CYP3A

Question 12

_______ and _______ metabolize warfarin

Answer 12

CYP2C9 and VKORC1

Question 13

__________ metabolizes 6-mecaptopurine and 6-thiguanine and childhood ALL. It is often presented as the classic example of phamacogenetic mechanisms that can be fatal is ignored.

Answer 13

TPMT

Question 14

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 14

Basically, what happens when the drug successfully reaches its target.