Population genetics

Question 1

Members of a species can ___ &
produce ___ offspring

Answer 1

interbreed; fertile

Question 2

Species have a __ gene pool

Answer 2

shared

Question 3

all of the alleles of all individuals in a population

Answer 3

gene pool

Question 4

different species do not ____ by interbreeding

Answer 4

exchange genes

Question 5

•Different species that interbreed often produce ___ offspring e.g. Mule

Answer 5

sterile or less viable

Question 6

•A group of the same species living in an area

Answer 6

population

Question 7

•No two individuals are exactly alike (variations)

Answer 7

population

Question 8

•More ___ individuals survive & pass on their traits

Answer 8

Fit

Question 9

Formation of new species

Answer 9

speciation

Question 10

One species may split into 2 or more species

Answer 10

speciation

Question 11

A species may evolve into a new species

Answer 11

speciations

Question 12

•Combines Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance

Answer 12

Modern Synthesis Theory

Question 13

study of genetic variation within a population

Answer 13

Population genetics

Question 14

Population genetics emohasize on ___

Answer 14

quantitative characters

Question 15

comprehensive theory of evolution (Modern Synthesis Theory) was ntroduced by

Answer 15

Fisher & Wright

Question 16

Modern synthesis theory recognizes that ___ are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics

Answer 16

GENES

Question 17

Modern synthesis theory recognizes that ___, not individuals, evolve due to ___ & ___

Answer 17

POPULATIONS; natural selection,genetic drift

Question 18

Modern synthesis theory recognizes that ___ usually is due to the gradual accumulation of small genetic changes

Answer 18

SPECIATION

Question 19

•The_________ describes the evolution in terms of genetic variations in a population that leads to the formation of a new species.

Answer 19

modern synthetic theory of evolution

Question 20

Changes occur in gene pools due to mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, etc.

Answer 20

Microevolution

Question 21

Gene pool changes cause more VARIATION in individuals in the population

Answer 21

microevolution

Question 22

States that by itself, the process of heredity in a random mating population does not change either allelic
frequencies or genotypic frequencies at a given locus

Answer 22

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Question 23

•Used to describe a non-evolving population.

Answer 23

Hardy- Weinberg principle

Question 24

Shuffling of alleles by meiosis and random fertilization have no effect on the overall gene pool.

Answer 24

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Question 25

____ are NOT expected to actually be in HardyWeinberg equilibrium

Answer 25

Natural populations

Question 26

•Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium usually results in ____

Answer 26

evolution

Question 27

5 Assumptions of the H-W Principle

Answer 27

1. Large population size
2. No migration
3. No net mutations
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection

Question 28

H-W principle:
The gene pool of a ____ population remains ___ over multiple generations (_____ doesn’t change)

Answer 28

NON-EVOLVING; CONSTANT; allele frequency

Question 29

Causes of Microevolution (5)

Answer 29

• Genetic Drift
• Natural Selection
• Gene Flow
• Mutation
• Non-random mating

Question 30

the change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance

Answer 30

• Genetic Drift

Question 31

success in reproduction based on heritable traits results in selected alleles being passed to relatively more offspring (Darwinian inheritance)

Answer 31

• Natural Selection

Question 32

Cause ADAPTATION of Populations

Answer 32

• Natural Selection

Question 33

-is genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations

Answer 33

• Gene Flow

Question 34

• a change in an organism’s DNA

Answer 34

• Mutation

Question 35

• Mates are chosen on the basis of the best traits

Answer 35

• Non-random mating

Question 36

Factors that Cause Genetic Drift (2)

Answer 36

•Bottleneck Effect
• Founder Effect

Question 37

• a drastic reduction in population (volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides …)
• Reduced genetic variation
• Smaller population may not be able to adapt to new selection pressures

Answer 37

•Bottleneck Effect

Question 38

• occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population
• Reduced genetic variation
• May lead to speciation

Answer 38

Founder Effect

Question 39

Modes of Natural Selection (3)

Answer 39

• Directional Selection
• Disruptive selection
• Stabilizing Selection

Question 40

• Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Answer 40

• Directional Selection

Question 41

• Most common during times of environmental change or when moving to new habitats

Answer 41

• Directional Selection

Question 42

• Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

Answer 42

• Disruptive selection

Question 43

• Occurs when environmental change favors an extreme phenotype

Answer 43

Disruptive selection

Question 44

• Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

Answer 44

• Stabilizing Selection

Question 45

• Reduces variation and maintains the current average

Answer 45

• Stabilizing Selection

Question 46

•Variation in a species due to climate or another geographical condition

Answer 46

Geographic Variations

Question 47

•Populations live in different locations

Answer 47

Geographic Variations

Question 48

Other Sources of Variation (3)

Answer 48

• Mutations
• Genetic Recombination
• Co-evolution

Question 49

• source of most genetic differences between individuals in a population

Answer 49

• Genetic Recombination

Question 50

-Often occurs between parasite & host and flowers & their pollinators

Answer 50

• Co-evolution