Population Change

Question 1

What is natural population change?

Answer 1

The difference between birth rates and death rates.

Natural increase: When birth rates exceed death rates. Natural decrease: When death rates exceed birth rates.

Question 2

What factors influence birth and death rates?

Answer 2

Healthcare and sanitation improve life expectancy.
Education and family planning lower birth rates.
Economic development shifts population structures.

Question 3

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

Answer 3

A model showing how population changes over time.

Divided into five stages, from high birth and death rates to population decline.

Question 4

What happens at each stage of the DTM?

Answer 4

1. Stage 1: High birth and death rates (low population growth).
2. Stage 2: Falling death rates, high birth rates (rapid growth).
3. Stage 3: Falling birth rates, slower population growth.
4. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates (stable population).
5. Stage 5: Birth rate falls below death rate (population decline).

Question 5

What are the limitations of the DTM?

Answer 5

Based on Western development patterns, may not fit all countries.
Does not consider migration impacts.
Cultural and political factors can alter trends.

Question 6

What do population pyramids show?

Answer 6

The age and sex structure of a population.

Wide base: High birth rates. Narrow top: High death rates or aging population.

Question 7

What are the three main types of population pyramids?

Answer 7

1. Expanding: High birth rate, youthful population (LICs).
2. Stable: Balanced birth and death rates (HICs).
3. Contracting: Aging population, low birth rates (Japan, Germany).

Question 8

What are the main types of migration?

Answer 8

Internal migration: Movement within a country (rural to urban).
International migration: Movement across borders.
Voluntary migration: For work, education, or better opportunities.
Forced migration: Due to conflict, disasters, or persecution.

Question 9

What are the push and pull factors of migration?

Answer 9

Push factors: Poverty, conflict, unemployment, disasters.
Pull factors: Job opportunities, healthcare, education, safety.

Question 10

What are the main social tensions caused by migration?

Answer 10

Cultural differences may lead to social conflicts.
Overcrowding in urban areas can increase pressure on housing and services.
Rise in anti-immigration sentiment in host countries.

Question 11

What are the economic impacts of migration?

Answer 11

Positive: Migrants contribute to the economy and workforce.
Negative: Strain on public services and job competition.