Population analysis L4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four factors that regulate biotic potential?

A
  1. Max # of offspring per birth
  2. Chance that offspring will reach reproductive age
  3. # of times per year organism reproduces
  4. Age at which reproduction begins
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2
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The ability for an environment to support a population

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3
Q

What is density-dependent factors?

A

Biotic; limit reproduction as pop’n increases (e.g. disease, predation)

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4
Q

What are density-independent factors?

A

Abiotic; work regardless of pop’n size (e.g. floods, drought)

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5
Q

What is environmental resistance?

A

Environmental conditions limit a species from growing out of control – influenced by abiotic and biotic factors

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6
Q

What is a J-curve?

A
  • Demonstrate exponential growth – increase in population size at an increasing growth rate
  • Usually occur in closed systems (e.g. aquarium containing bacteria, algae, yeast, etc.)
  • Often microorganisms with short life spans
  • Exception: humans!
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7
Q

What is an S-curve?

A
  • Most natural populations demonstrate an S-shaped curve
  • Population increases until limiting factors cause it to reach carrying capacity - as long as resources maintained, population size stabilized
  • Density dependent/independent factors may initiate death phase
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8
Q

What does K-selected mean?

A

K-selected strategies – generally slow reproduction, long life span, longer offspring
rearing, later reproductive maturity
* E.g. Elephants, moose, humans

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9
Q

What does r-selected strategies mean?

A

r-selected strategies – rapid reproduction, short life span, little/no rearing, early reproductive age
* E.g. Bacteria, yeast, mice

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10
Q

What is a type I survivorship curve?

A

Large mammals, few offspring, low infant mortality, extended life span (e.g. humans)

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11
Q

What is a type II survivorship curve?

A

Chances of survival or death are about the same at any age (e.g. squirrels)

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12
Q

What is a type III survivorship cure?

A

Low survivorship or high mortality rates early in life (e.g. oysters)

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13
Q

What is a histogram?

A

Useful for studying human populations to see trends and make predictions

  • Often take shape of pyramid
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14
Q

What does a double histogram include?

A

Age and sex of a population

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