Population 4.1 Flashcards
Define: birth rate
Number of births in a year per 1,000 population
Define: death rate
Number of deaths in a year per 1,000 population
Define: fertility rate
An average number of births per women ages 15-45.
Define: infant mortality rate
The number of babies out of 1,000 that dies before the age of one.
What factors affect fertility and birth rates?
- Medical infrastructure: advances in medicines lowers infant mortality.
- Religion: lack of belief in contraception.
- Population policies.
- Education of women: more education results in better family planning.
- Large working population results in less time to have children.
What factors affect mortality and death rates?
- Disease: higher death rates.
- Poverty: lack of healthcare funding.
- Medical infrastructure: range of access to adequate healthcare.
- Conflict/War.
- High infant mortality: in Sub-Saharan Africa, a woman must have an average of 8 children to be 95% of having a surviving son.
Case Study: Kerala, India
- Compare to other parts of India, women in Kerala have been treated as an asset rather than a drain on family finances.
- 85% of women in Kerala are literate compared to 57% in India.
- Greater investment in healthcare by the government.
- Education opportunities have led to a lower fertility rate and higher age of marriage.
- Fertility rate of 1.8 vs India’s 3.2 in 2015.
What is population structure and how is it presented?
- The number of males and females within different age groups in the population.
- It is presented via a population pyramid.
Define: dependancy ratio
The ratio between the working population (16-65) and the dependent population.
How is the dependency ratio calculated?
Dependent population % / Working population % x 100
What is the sex ratio?
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.
What is the sex ratio?
Examples of ageing and youthful population
- Ageing: Japan - 28% are 65+
- Youthful: Gambia - 40% are < 14
