Migration 5.2 Flashcards
1
Q
Why might someone migrate internally rather than internationally?
A
- All migration is affected by distance decay therefore shorter distances.
- Barriers to internal migration are mostly social and economic whereas international migration includes political factors.
- A potential migrant will have better knowledge of destinations within their own country than abroad.
2
Q
Causes of rural-urban migration
A
- Poverty, low wages, hard/boring jobs, lack of job opportunities and poor amenities/services.
- When economic development leads to improvement in amenities and services leading to larger families and a bigger need for higher wages to support them.
- Mechanisation leads to agricultural labourers losing their jobs.
- Cumulative causation.
3
Q
Impacts on the source area from rural-urban migration
A
- Increased social status of women in society.
- Increased labour demand for women and children in society.
- Remittances can be used to invest in new farming techniques, changing the farm from subsistence to commercial.
- Brain drain / brain gain.
4
Q
Impacts on the cities from rural-urban migration
A
- Increased pressure on already limited job opportunities, housing and services.
- Increased informal economy.
5
Q
Causes of urban-rural migration push factors
A
- Air, noise, and visual pollution.
- Crime and anti-social behavior.
- Traffic congestion.
- Racial tension - ethnic groups may cluster in ghettos
6
Q
Causes of urban-rural migration: pull factors
A
- Cheaper and bigger houses with larger gardens.
- Cleaner and greener environments.
- Tele-commuting into the cities.
- Reasonable entertainment and shopping.
- Better communications and transport links in rural areas.
7
Q
Impacts on the cities from urban-rural migration
A
- Only the rich can afford to move out so the city can get into a downward social spiral.
- Richer people who have moved out are now paying local taxes so city councils receive less tax revenue.
8
Q
Impacts on rural areas from urban-rural migration
A
- Business and services in rural areas have also grown, increasing job provision.
- Village community life has declined.
- House prices have risen making it hard for young local people to find a place to live.
9
Q
What are the reasons for step migration?
A
- Reduced barriers.
- More people are prepared to move over shorter distances.
- Cost is lower.
- Gives an opportunity for a migrant to become urbanised and learn labour skills needed for industry work.
10
Q
What is intra-urban migration?
A
When migrants move within a city.
11
Q
Why does intra-urban migration occur?
A
Related to changes in an individual’s family life cycle and employment status which influences their affluence.
