Population

Question 1

How many countries have what % of the world’s population

Answer 1

16, over 60%

Question 2

What countries have the 2 largest world populations

Answer 2

India and China at 1.4b, India more likely to grow more as demographic dividend whilst China’s ageing population

Question 3

What country has the 3rd largest world population

Answer 3

USA at 345m

Question 4

What country has the most rapid population growth

Answer 4

Nigeria, by 2050 1/5 new people are Nigerian

Question 5

Malthus

Answer 5

1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, point of crisis as arithmetic food production and exponential population growth, positive natural checks, negative checks prevent

Question 6

Neo-Malthusian

Answer 6

Club of Rome: indefinite economic growth as limited natural resource availability

Question 7

Boserup

Answer 7

1965: necessity is the mother of invention, human ingenuity can alter carrying capacity e.g. GMO

Question 8

Simon

Answer 8

Contemporary American economist, human material welfare increasing with population

Question 9

What range do the 2100 population forecasts have

Answer 9

9.9b, 2015 World Population Prospects report, 80% chance 9.6-12.3b

Question 10

1973-2022 global population trends

Answer 10

Significant SE Asia growth (India dd, China 421), ripple effect in vicinity of growth hubs (Spain, Scandinavia), America has balance or decline everywhere except central, not Russia (HIV, Putin)

Question 11

2017-2021 global migration trends

Answer 11

Into Spain, from Kiribati, from Mexico (esp to Canada), from equator (desertifying), into HICs e.g. Ireland, from SE Asia (growth), from Pakistan (drought, climate change)

Question 12

DTM stage 1

Answer 12

Babies in the bank, none

Question 13

DTM stage 2

Answer 13

Haiti early, Sierra Leone, AID, from substinence

Question 14

DTM stage 3

Answer 14

Demographic dividend, India cusp of 4, Nigeria

Question 15

DTM stage 4

Answer 15

Brazil, economic burden of kids, era of balance

Question 16

DTM stage 5

Answer 16

1.7 fertility rate, delayed degenerative, pro natal, migration can counter, Japan

Question 17

When was the DTM made

Answer 17

1929, Warren Thompson, based off W Europe and America

Question 18

Pros of DTM

Answer 18

Allows prediction so policies, comparable, dynamic (added 5th), proven right, easy to understand

Question 19

Cons of DTM

Answer 19

Recent NEEs (Latin America) have leapfrogged, Nigeria doesn’t follow fertility, Westernised, not unidirectional, migration, needs context

Question 20

Dependency ratio

Answer 20

Young dependents x elderly dependents / economically active x 100. proportion of dependents per 100 working age in the population

Question 21

Typical dependency ratio for HICs

Answer 21

50-74, higher as more developed as elderly dependents

Question 22

Africa dependency ratios 1950, 2010, 2090

Answer 22

80.5, 81.2, 55.7

Question 23

Latin America dependency ratios 1950, 2010, 2090

Answer 23

78, 52.4, 80.4

Question 24

Europe dependency ratios 1950, 2010, 2090

Answer 24

52.2, 46.6, 80.5

Question 25

Young dependents age

Answer 25

0-14

Question 26

Economically active age

Answer 26

15-64

Question 27

Older dependents age

Answer 27

65+

Question 28

What are demographic dividend windows

Answer 28

When they will become working age, can prepare for - India has 15y but different between states, UK 1960s baby boom