Health Flashcards
Top 5 HIC causes of death
Ischaemic heart disease; stroke; alzheimer’s; trachea, bronchus and lung cancers; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Top 5 UMIC causes of death
Ischaemic heart disease; stroke; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; trachea, bronchus and lung cancers; lower respiratory infections
Top 5 LMIC causes of death
Ischaemic heart disease; stroke; lower respiratory infections; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; tuberculosis
Top 5 LIC causes of death
Lower respiratory infections; diarrhoeal diseases; stroke; ischaemic heart disease; HIV/AIDs
What % 2012 global deaths were NCDs and CDs responsible for
68%, around 25%
Top 10 2016 causes of deaths
54% of 56.9m
Ischaemic heart disease - top in 15y, 15.2m
Stroke - top in 15y, 15.2m
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lower respiratory infections - 3m
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers - decreasing but pollution
HIV/AIDs - no longer despite Russia and E Africa
Diarrhoeal diseases - 1.4m
Diabetes
Road injury
Hypertensive heart disease
Disability adjusted life years
Number of years of healthy life lost due to poor health/disability
Epidemiological transition
Changing patterns of age, mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and death causes
Health
State of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
Morbidity
Rate of disease in a population
Mortality
Rate of death in a population
Non-communicable disease
Non-infectious medical condition or disease
Wellbeing
State of being comfortable, healthy, or happy
Epidemiological transition model
Developed 1971 by Abdel Oman
ETM stage 1
Age of pestilence and famine
ETM stage 2
Age of receding pandemics and dual burden of disease as move into 3
ETM stage 3
Age of degenerative and manmade diseases, average life expectancy over 50
ETM stage 4
Age of delayed degenerative diseases, average life expectancy 70 to 80. Added by Olshansky and Ault
3 types of model identified by Oman - to do with DTM
Classical/western. Accelerated. Contemporary/ delayed - Nigeria follows ETM more than DTM, main issue is water
Determinants of health model
1991, Dahlgren and Whitehead. Age, sex and conditional factors; individual lifestyle factors; social and community networks; living and working conditions; general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
