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Population Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine disruptors: plasticizer

A

Phthalates

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2
Q

5 factors that decrease population

A

Limiting factors, disease/predators/competiton/food/disasters, carrying capacity, ecological resistance, species type (r vs. k)

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3
Q

Mark and Recapture formula: K stands for

A

Number of animals captured on 2nd visit

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4
Q

Mortality curve type that shows few early deaths and most deaths occur in old age

A

Type 1

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5
Q

Population Age Distribution: More older people than younger, decreasing birth rates (Japan), people enjoy single life

A

Upside down

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6
Q

Exponential Growth equation

A

G = rN

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7
Q

number of different species in a certain ecosystem

A

Species richness

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8
Q

Doubling Time equation:

A

70 / Growth Rate as percentage (not decimal)

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9
Q

Life History Pattern: Linear/logistic growth

A

equilibrium species

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10
Q

Method for determining population size used for mobile species

A

Mark/Recapture

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11
Q

Life History Pattern: mature and reproduce quickly

A

opportunistic species

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12
Q

Life History Pattern: mature slowly, reproduce later in life

A

equilibrium species

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13
Q

Equilibrium species are also known as this

A

k-strategists

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14
Q

4 factors that increase population

A

Age of maturity, reproductive lifespan, frequency of reproduction, survival rate

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15
Q

Community diversity formula

A

organisms in species / total # of organisms in population X 100

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16
Q

Population Age Distribution: Population has bulges and valleys, not the same amount of people in each age group

A

Constrictive

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17
Q

Both growth patterns start with _____ and then have _____ growth

A

lag; exponential

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18
Q

graph that shows how quickly individuals die in a species

A

Mortality curve

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19
Q

Method for determining population size that is most accurate, but seldom feasible

A

Direct Count

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20
Q

7 influences on human population growth

A

Migration rates, Fertility rates, Pop. Age Distribution, Hygiene, Medical advances, Ag improvements, Other tech improvements

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21
Q

the variety of different species present within an ecosystem

A

Community diversity

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22
Q

Life History Pattern: Very adaptable, favor unstable environments

A

opportunistic species

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23
Q

Mortality curve type where there are lots of death in early years but a few individuals live a long time

A

Type 3

24
Q

Mortality curve type where deaths have the same likelihood in both young and old age

A

Type 2

25
Q

Mark and Recapture formula: N stands for

A

Number of animals in population

26
Q

Endocrine disruptors: known as “forever chemicals”, used because they resist grease, oil, water, and heat, used in non-stick cookware

A

PFAS

27
Q

Endocrine disruptors: used in metal cans

A

BPA

28
Q

Population Density formula

A

organism / area searched

29
Q

Factor that can both increase and decrease carrying capacity

A

Changing climate and other environmental factors

30
Q

Mark and Recapture formula: n stands for

A

Number of animals marked on first visit

31
Q

Exponential Growth equation: r stands for

A

net reproduction per individual per unit time

32
Q

Population distribution where members of the species are concentrated in separate groups

A

Clumped

33
Q

Life History Pattern: population generally stable, well adapted for habitat

A

equilibrium species

34
Q

Method for determining population size where you sample an area, then extrapolate

A

Transects

35
Q

4 ways carrying capacity can decrease

A

Environmental degradation, depletion of non-renewable resources, extinction of bioresource, introduction of a new competitor

36
Q

Growth pattern where population steadily increases and levels off at the carrying capacity

A

Linear/Logistic Growth

37
Q

Exponential Growth equation: G stands for

A

population growth per unit time

38
Q

natural and human caused variations impacting reproductive organs, hormones, and chromosomes (1.7% occurence in humans)

A

Intersex

39
Q

opportunistic species are also known as this

A

r-strategists

40
Q

Population Age Distribution: IDEAL, population stays the same, equal birth and death rates

A

(Near) Stationary

41
Q

Population distribution where members of the species are spread evenly across the ecosystem

A

nearly uniform

42
Q

Mark and Recapture formula

A

N = n (K/k)

43
Q

Exponential Growth equation: N stands for

A

population size

44
Q

Life History Pattern: Fewer offspring, more parental care

A

equilibrium species

45
Q

Population Age Distribution: Pyramid-shaped. Seen in developing nations. High birth rates where people die relatively young due to lack of healthcare.

A

Expansive

46
Q

Endocrine disruptors: oxidizer in fuel for rockets and missiles

A

Perchlorate

47
Q

Growth pattern where the population grows at an accelerating rate, goes beyond the carrying capacity, and crashes back down

A

Exponential Growth

48
Q

Life History Pattern: adapt slowly, favor stable environments

A

equilibrium species

49
Q

Mark and Recapture formula: k stands for

A

Number of recaptured animals that were already marked

50
Q

3 ways carrying capacity can increase

A

Tech advances, behavior, decrease in body size/resource demand

51
Q

Life History Pattern: Competitors and Specialists

A

equilibrium species

52
Q

Life History Pattern: exponential growth

A

opportunistic species

53
Q

3 Assumptions about human population

A

Exceed Earth’s carrying capacity and crash, meet it and remain stable, or keep rising / use tech to increase it

54
Q

Life History Pattern: population crashes quickly, inhabit many environments

A

opportunistic species

55
Q

Life History Pattern: generalists and colonizers

A

opportunistic species

56
Q

Life History Pattern: many offspring, little parental care

A

opportunistic species

57
Q

Population distribution where members of a species are dispersed in no distinct pattern

A

Random

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