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Env Bio > Exam 1 (Worldviews, Biomes, Symbiosis, Evolution, Energy/Ecosystems) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Worldviews, Biomes, Symbiosis, Evolution, Energy/Ecosystems) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the change in population of a trophic level causes the population of other trophic levels to change

A

Trophic Cascade

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2
Q

plants that grow on other plants but are NOT parasites

A

Epiphytes

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3
Q

Type of wetland that forms when soil particles are jammed so close together that water can’t get through

A

Hydric Soil

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4
Q

any living thing

A

organism

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5
Q

Types of organisms that pollinate plants in a Tropical Rainforest

A

Insects and small primates

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6
Q

Type of wetland that forms when glaciers push rocks into ground, gouging out soil; sometimes called ‘prairie potholes’

A

Glacial carve-out

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7
Q

Biome containing trees that drop their leaves once a year

A

Deciduous forest

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8
Q

plant-eating organisms (include frugivores, folivores, granivores, and nectivores)

A

herbivores

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9
Q

5 types of adaptations organisms use to survive in deserts

A

Active times, water conservation, coloration, dormancy, body forms

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10
Q

Scientist who along with others created the disproven theories of use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits, increasing complexity, no extinction events, and equal survival and reproduction

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

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11
Q

Strata in a rainforest

A

5; Emergent layer, canopy, understory, shrub, herb/floor

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12
Q

High abundance and biodiversity, diverse habitats, rich soils, mast crops (dominant food sources)

A

Deciduous forest

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13
Q

Avg. Precipitation 30-60 in, up to 120 in, equally distributed throughout year

A

Deciduous forest

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14
Q

Two types of motion water can exhibit in a wetland

A

Flowing or stagnant

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15
Q

Avg. Precipitation: 12 in - 30 in, up to 75 in (mostly snow in winter)

A

Coniferous forest

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16
Q

Biome that is a large greenhouse gas sink

A

Tundra

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17
Q

3 types of grasslands

A

Shortgrass, tallgrass, mixed

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18
Q

What percentage of the original energy from a producer would a tertiary consumer get?

A

(0.1%)

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19
Q

Nutrient rich, low minerals, diverse plants/animals, highly endangered biome

A

Wetlands

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20
Q

2 features that help support trees in Tropical Rainforests

A

Prop roots and buttresses

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21
Q

Has abundant minerals, few nutrients, high biodiversity, low abundance, has prominent wind and water erosion taking place

A

Desert

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22
Q

all populations of species within an area

A

community

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23
Q

composite organism; combo of algae and fungus

A

Lichen

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24
Q

Which is usually larger, fundamental or realized niche?

A

Fundamental niche

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25
Q

ability to move matter and/or do work, has no mass and doesn’t occupy space, cannot be recycled

A

Energy

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26
Q

(-, 0) One organism hurt while another unaffected (Penicillium and bacteria)

A

Amensalism

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27
Q

Theory of evolution: organisms change in large steps that are isolated in nature, followed by long periods of stagnation

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

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28
Q

State of sub-optimum conditions where less members of a species survive

A

Zone of stress

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29
Q

when evolution causes a characteristic in a population to shift in one direction

A

Directional Impact

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30
Q

cross of two different species

A

Hybrid

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31
Q

when evolution creates less outliers in a population

A

Stabilizing impact

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32
Q

Strata in a grassland

A

None

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33
Q

community AND non-living components (water, soil, temperature, nutrients)

A

ecosystem

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34
Q

Being active during dusk and dawn, as opposed to nocturnal or diurnal

A

Crepuscular

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35
Q

Biome that can have 24-hr sunlight or 24-hr darkness depending on latitude or time of year

A

Tundra

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36
Q

group of organisms that are closely enough related to breed and produce viable offspring

A

Species

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37
Q

group of one species within a certain geographic region

A

population

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38
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass, can be recycled

A

Matter

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39
Q

Strata in a tundra

A

3; Ground plants, mounding plants, Emergent layer

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40
Q

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight –> glucose + oxygen

A

Photosynthesis

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41
Q

Strata in coniferous forest

A

None

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42
Q

how species impact each other and how this influences niche size and other factors

A

Symbiosis

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43
Q

Theory of evolution: Organisms change gradually but constantly over time to adjust to their environment

A

Gradualism

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44
Q

rules collectively stating ecosystems near the equator and closer to sea level are more diverse, abundant, and complex

A

Rapoport’s Rule and Steven’s Rule

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45
Q

(+, -); the host will die in a 2 part relationship (decapitating wasp and caterpillar)

A

Parasitoidism

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46
Q

meat-eating organisms (include insectivores, rodentivores, piscivores)

A

carnivores

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47
Q

Avg. Temp: 60-70, extremes from -25 to 125 (hot) / 45, extremes from -45 to 80 (cold)

A

Desert

48
Q

Names for parasitism inside and outside the body of the host, respectively

A

Endoparasitism and Ectoparasitism

49
Q

species will pick mates with more desirable traits, leading to those traits increasing in the population

A

Sexual Selection

50
Q

during the transformational process, some energy will be lost, typically in a dispersed form (heat)

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

51
Q

Rate of economic development where developing nations are allowed to develop at their own pace

A

Controlled Pace

52
Q

2 features leaves have to drain water in Tropical Rainforests

A

Drip-tips and split leaves

53
Q

(+, -); unlike predation, this doesn’t involve one organism killing another

A

Parasitism

54
Q

The set and range of conditions in an ecosystem that an organism can survive in

A

Range of Tolerance

55
Q

Contains low soil nutrient levels, abundance, biodiversity, but similar minerals to it’s counterpart

A

Coniferous forest

56
Q

species that can live in a wide array of characteristics and only live in specific conditions, respectively

A

Generalist and Specialist species

57
Q

model that represents the number and total mass of different trophic levels in an ecosystem and is equivalent to the pyramid of numbers

A

Pyramid of biomass

58
Q

Body form found in some desert organisms where blood vessels are near the surface so heat can be exchanged with the outside

A

Thermal windows

59
Q

(0, 0) interaction where two species don’t affect each other

A

Neutralism

60
Q

Biome found near the equator where animals have adaptations to avoid the effects of toxins in tree leaves

A

Tropical Rainforest

61
Q

Avg. Temp 50-52, extremes from -50 to 110

A

Deciduous forest

62
Q

group within a species having a distinctive appearance that is often deliberately selected

A

Breed

63
Q

predators are less likely to kill prey with better traits, so those traits will increase

A

Predator Selection

64
Q

(+, +); has facultative (optional) and obligate (required for survival) types

A

Mutualism

65
Q

energy can be transferred from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed

A

Law of Conservation of Energy (1st Law of Thermodynamics)

66
Q

Avg. Temp: -18, with extremes from -94 to 75

A

Tundra

67
Q

principle stating that organisms have the ability to to obtain resources in a way that avoids direct contact/competition

A

Lotka-Volterra Principle of Resource Partitioning

68
Q

when evolution causes a characteristic in a population to move in many directions

A

Disruptive Impact

69
Q

Avg. Precipitation: 50-260 in (dry-ish summer and monsoon winter)

A

Tropical Rainforest

70
Q

area where multiple biomes intersect

A

Ecotone

71
Q

Theory of evolution: the most genetically fit organisms will pass their genes to the most offspring, thus creating a population of more fit organisms

A

Natural Selection

72
Q

Scientist who along with others created the theory of natural selection, variations expected (mutations), unequal survival and reproduction, inheritance of parental traits, and extinction

A

Charles Darwin

73
Q

Trees in this biome have thick, rough bark, acidic sap, grass stage in youth, and waxy cuticle

A

Coniferous forest

74
Q

conditions in which a species will probably die

A

Deviant region

75
Q

Ecosystems use solar radiation as their source of energy

A

1st Principle of Ecosystem Sustainability

76
Q

meat and plant eating, can be subdivided based on timing (seasonal vs. full time)

A

omnivores

77
Q

(+, -) an animal captures, kills, and eats another animal (energy transfer)

A

Predation

78
Q

principle stating that organisms competing for the same resource in the same habitat will not continuously/stably coexist (one will leave, die, or change)

A

Gause’s Principle of Competitive Exclusion

79
Q

Conditions in which an organism has the highest rate of survival

A

Optimum range

80
Q

Avg. Temp: 79, with extremes from 68-93

A

Tropical Rainforest

81
Q

Rate of economic development where developed nations withhold technology from developing nations

A

Uncontrolled Pace (Natural)

82
Q

Melting permafrost has created many of these in tundras

A

Sinkholes

83
Q

Dormancy during the summer, as opposed to hibernation

A

Aestivation

84
Q

disturbance to the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

A

Trophic cascade

85
Q

Theory of evolution: Organisms that share similar physical features likely have a common ancestor from which they descended

A

Common Descent

86
Q

Avg. Precipitation: 6-10 in, extremes from 0.1-15 in (most comes in monsoon season in winter)

A

Desert

87
Q

Type of wetland that forms when soil deep underground stays frozen year-round, and new water is trapped on the surface

A

Permafrost

88
Q

Avg. Precipitation: 10-30 in, extremes from 5-60 in (mostly snow during winter)

A

Grasslands

89
Q

feed on detritus but process it externally and absorb nutrients they need

A

Decomposers

90
Q

biome containing cone-bearing plants

A

Coniferous forest

91
Q

living and non-living components of an ecosystem, respectively

A

Biotic and Abiotic factors

92
Q

species that plays a vitally important role in an ecosystem

A

Keystone species

93
Q

Avg. Temp, 15 with extremes from -40 to 100

A

Grasslands

94
Q

Theory of evolution: process that happens through speciation, by breaking off a population from an existing species, reproductively isolating them, and allowing them to evolve into a new species

A

Multiplication of species

95
Q

Biome that is declining due to subsistence farming, corporate farming, foreign food production, bushmeat harvest, trophy harvest, and pet/ornamental harvest

A

Tropical Rainforest

96
Q

Strata in a desert

A

None

97
Q

Rate of economic development where developed nations give everything to developing nations

A

Leap-frogging

98
Q

Biome with hot and cold, and rocky and sandy classifications

A

Desert

99
Q

biome that is like a desert but has abundant water in the summer

A

Tundra

100
Q

glucose + oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water + energy

A

Respiration

101
Q

Avg. Precipitation: 6-10 in (almost entirely snow; most is in winter)

A

Tundra

102
Q

everywhere on the planet that can support life

A

biosphere

103
Q

Deciduous forest strata

A

4; Canopy, Understory, Shurb, Herb/Floor

104
Q

feed on detritus (dead and decomposing organic material) and process it internally

A

Detritivores

105
Q

“short-lived” plants that have a brief active period

A

Ephemerals

106
Q

When humans pick what traits are desirable and let individuals with those traits survive and mate

A

Artificial Selection

107
Q

biome where grass is a dominant species, there are tropical and temperate types

A

Grasslands

108
Q

A change in the frequency of heritable traits

A

Evolution

109
Q

biome that occurs on all 7 continents where the ground is seasonally flooded

A

Wetlands

110
Q

Avg. Temp: 13, extremes from -65 to 100 (short, cool summer and long, cold winter)

A

Coniferous forest

111
Q

closely related enough to produce viable offspring

A

species

112
Q

(-, -) set of interactions between two species to get a limited resources; can be intraspecific (members of same species) or interspecific (members of different species)

A

Competition

113
Q

when the offspring of crossbreeding parents is larger than both parents

A

Hybrid Vigor

114
Q

Theory of evolution: the environment is constantly, but very gradually changing

A

Perceptual Change

115
Q

Organisms that are able to manufacture their own food from elemental materials

A

Autotrophs

116
Q

Organisms that must rely on other organisms as their source of energy. They consume other organisms, or their parts/byproducts

A

Heterotrophs

117
Q

(+, 0); robin benefits from putting nest in yew tree, yew tree is unaffected

A

Commensalism

Env Bio (6 decks)

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