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Agriculture Flashcards

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1
Q

Two separate quarters (total of 1/2) of the world’s ag land are farmed with these very different methods

A

hand tools; mechanized equipment

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2
Q

regions without ready access to fresh, healthy, and affordable food

A

Food deserts

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3
Q

plowing the land perpendicular to it’s slope so that water doesn’t run and wash away topsoil so fast

A

Contour farming

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4
Q

5 primary ag challenges

A

Having food availiable, affordable, safe/healthy for humans, safe for environment, and producing all of that food to meet demands (not a need)

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5
Q

12 states in this region of the US exported a collective $27 billion in ag products in 2023

A

Midwest

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6
Q

Sustainable farming: Planting corn one year (which uses lots of nitrogen), and then planting soybeans (puts nitrogen into soil)

A

Crop Rotation

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7
Q

Big question: Do we put climate change ahead or behind food _____ and _____?

A

productivity; availability

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8
Q

Layers of soil from top to bottom (excluding E)

A

Organics, Surface, Subsoil, Parent material, bedrock (O, A, B, C, R)

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9
Q

eroded areas that are small enough to step across

A

Rill Erosion

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10
Q

intake of nutrients and energy too low to maintain your activity levels and too low to maintain a healthy body

A

Marasmus

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11
Q

Ways to stop erosion: Avoid bare ground by leaving _____ _____ and using _____ _____

A

crop residue; cover crops

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12
Q

When pesticides go from the environment and to an organism where they are stored

A

Bioaccumulation

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13
Q

Soil layer: glacial till, river, or lake sediment. Not yet modified noticeably. No notable loss of accumulation.

A

Parent material (C)

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14
Q

Underconsumption of vitamins and/or minerals

A

Malnutrition/Malnourishment

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15
Q

What lies below all of the soil layers

A

Bedrock (R)

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16
Q

not knowing when or where you are going to get your next meal

A

food insecurity

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17
Q

underconsumption of protein

A

Kwashiorkor

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18
Q

Sustainable farming: Using a variety of methods to control weeds

A

Integrated Weed Management

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19
Q

Pesticides: Zectran for example, these are less toxic and very degradable and safer for mammals. They will only remain in the environment for a few weeks, often 7-14 days

A

Carbamates

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20
Q

Agriculture is responsible for 10% of all _____ _____ _____ in the USA

A

greenhouse gas emissions

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21
Q

about 500,000 people in Chicago and 750,000 people in NYC are living in these areas

A

food deserts

22
Q

Soil layer: Zone of accumulation and zone of decomposition

A

Organics layer (O)

23
Q

Sustainable farming: Using a variety of farming methods

A

Integrated Farming Methods

24
Q

3 Effects of Soil Compaction

A

Lose topsoil, Juggles soil horizons (layers), lost nutrients

25
Q

Pesticides: DDT for example, these are extremely toxic, persistent, and broad spectrum

A

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon

26
Q

Soil layer: Inorganic matter and humus

A

Surface layer (A)

27
Q

When pesticides are passed up through the food chain and grow in concentration

A

Biomagnification

28
Q

issue for plants that makes it harder for roots to grow, plants get less oxygen, etc.

A

Soil compaction

29
Q

roughly 30 companies control ag supplies and price, controlling who can afford to farm. This situation is called….

A

Agricultural consolidation

30
Q

$19 billion in _____ climate investments in agriculture, meaning the investments are repeated

A

generational

31
Q

Ways to stop erosion: Reduce and improve efficiency of _____

A

irrigation

32
Q

Soil layer: Zone of accumulation (illuviation), Clays, salt, iron, minerals accumulate

A

Subsoil (B)

33
Q

2 billion people today are experiencing a lack of _____

A

food

34
Q

Sustainable farming: Using a variety of disease control methods rather than one chemical solution

A

Integrated Disease Management

35
Q

3 Primary sources of greenhouse gases in agriculture

A

livestock production, rice production, chemical fertilizers

36
Q

Ways to stop erosion: Leave a _____ _____ between field and wetland areas

A

buffer zone

37
Q

Rougly 44% of all farmworkers are _____ _____

A

undocumented immigrants

38
Q

Ways to stop erosion: Till less and install _____ that act as speed bumps for water

A

terraces

39
Q

rill/sheet erosion increases water flow into streams, carving away streambanks

A

Streambank Erosion

40
Q

growing multiple plants in an area (good because it prevents the spread of diseases)

A

polyculture

41
Q

Pesticides: Malathion for example, these are highly toxic but will only remain in the environment for a few months (3-4)

A

Organophosphates

42
Q

growing one plant in an area (bad because it encourages the spread of disease)

A

monoculture

43
Q

Soil layer: zone of loss due to leaching, can occur between any two layers of soil

A

Eluviated layer (E)

44
Q

_____ on other countries decreases domestic ag production

A

Tariffs

45
Q

Sustainable farming: Using biological fertilizers rather than chemically-produced ones (must be applied properly; injecting beneath surface)

A

Biofertilizers

46
Q

Farm labor needs: for every 1 million immigrants deported, _____ others lose their jobs

A

88,000

47
Q

Sustainable farming: Use a variety of methods to control pests

A

Integrated Pest Management

48
Q

when rills join together

A

Sheet Erosion

49
Q

In a food desert, 6 grocery items may cost $16.33, while in one of these areas, the same items may cost $10.38

A

food-rich areas

50
Q

1/2 of the world’s ag land is farmed with…

A

draft animals

Env Bio (6 decks)

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