Popliteal fossa , vessels and neves of the leg and dorsum of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

what is the spuerolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

tendon of the biceps femoris

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2
Q

what is the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimebranosus (mostly) and semitendinosus tendon

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3
Q

what is the inferolateral and inferomedial borders of popliteal fossa

A

inferolateral- lateral head of the gastrocnemius

inferomedial - medial head of the gastrocnemius

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4
Q

that is the roof and floor of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia of fascia lata

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5
Q

what is the floor of the popliteal fossa

A

posterior surface of the capsule of the knee and popliteus muscle

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6
Q

what are the nerves of the popliteal fossa?

A

termination of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

division of the sciatic nerve into its tibial and common fibular components

muscular and cutaneous branches of the tibial nerve

cutaneous branches of the fibular nerve

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7
Q

what are the others structures in the popliteal fossa other than nerves

A

popliteal vein and its tributaries

popliteal artery and its branches

popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels and fat

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8
Q

how are the contents of the popliteal fossa encountered and what are they surrounded by?

A

in order from superficial to deep are NERVES, veins then arteries

surround by an ample amount of packing material (fat)

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9
Q

what is the popliteal artery a direct continuation of?

A

femoral after it emerges from the adductor hiatus

deepest of the vascular structures in the popliteal fossa

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10
Q

when does the popliteal artery terminate?

A

at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle by dividing into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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11
Q

where is the medial and lateral superior genicular aa located

A

DEEP to hamstring musculature

pass in their respective directions SUPERFICIAL to the heads of the gastrocnemius to participate in genicular anastomosis

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12
Q

lateral and medial inferior genicular aa.

A

located DEEP to the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

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13
Q

what supplies the interior knee joint?

A

middle genicular

arises from the ANTERIOR surface of the popliteal artery

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14
Q

where do the sural branches off the popliteal artyer go?

A

pass directly into the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius

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15
Q

what is the course of the anterior tibial artery in proximal portion of leg versus distal portion of leg

A

descends b/w tibial anterior and extensor hallicus longus above

then between the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus bleow

passes deep to extensor retinaculum and terminates as the dorsal pedis artery

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16
Q

what is the course of the anterior tibial recurrent artery

A

given off as soon as the anterior tibial artery courses superior to the interosseous membrane

ascends through the substance of the tibialis anterior muscle to joint the genicular anastomosis

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17
Q

what are the branches off the anterior tibial artery

A

anterior tibial recurrent
medial and lateral malleolar branches
dorsalis pedis

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18
Q

when does the anterior tibial turn into the dorsalis pedis?

A

as it passes inferior to the superior extensor retinaculum

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19
Q

what are the branches of the dorsalis pedis artery

A

lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate a
first dorsal metatarsal a
deep plantar a

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20
Q

what are the branches off the posterior tibial?

A
fibular a 
communicating branch
posterior medial malleolar 
medial calcaneal 
medial and lateral plantar arteries
21
Q

from what arteries do the genicular anastomosis arteries arise? what arteries are contributing to the anastomosis of the knee?

A

the anastomosis of the knee is composed of ten vessesl which arise from:

-lateral femoral circumflex
-femoral a.
popliteal a.
anterior and posterior tibial aa.

22
Q

what does the superficial plexus of the genicular anastomosis supply?

A

provides blood to the muscles in the area of the knee

23
Q

what does the deep plexus of the genicular anastomosis supply?

A

lies directly upon the capsule of the knee joint itself

24
Q

what are the branches off the fibular a.

A

muscular
nutrient a. (to fibula)
communicating branch (to posterior tibial)
perforating a.
posterior lateral malleolar a. which gives way to the lateral calcaneal

25
Q

in what muscle substance does the fibular a descend within?

A

the substance of the flexor hallucis longus muscle on the posterior surface of the fibula

26
Q

through what tunnel does the posterior tibial artery pass?

A

tarsal tunnel

27
Q

what does the perforating a. of the fibular a anastomose with and where does it pass through?

A

passes inferior to interosseous membrane to enter anterior compartment

anastomoses with lateral malleolar and tarsal network of arteries

28
Q

what does the sciatic nerve split into?

A

tibial n

common fibular

29
Q

what are the cord levels of the common fibular n.

A

L4,5 S 1, 2

30
Q

where does the common fibular nerve course within the popilteal fossa? and when it leaves ?

A

courses superficially and laterally (hugs the medial surface of the biceps femurs)

when it leaves the popliteal fossa it continues to follow the course of the biceps femurs tendon to the head of the fibula

31
Q

what is the branch of the common fibular that provides a cutaneous branch to the posterior leg?

A

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

32
Q

what muscle does the common fibular pierce inferior to the head of the fibula?

A

fibularis longus muscle

this is where it divides into the superficial and deep fibular nerves!

33
Q

what is the cord levels of superficial fibular n.

A

L5- S1,2

34
Q

what muscles does the superficial fibular n provide branches?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

35
Q

where does the superificial fibular n actual become superficial

A

in the distal third of the leg to innervate the anterior distal third of the leg and divides into medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

36
Q

what does the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves provide ?

A

dorsal digitial branches to all the toes except those provided by the deep fibular n.

37
Q

what are the cord levels of the deep fibular n.

A

L4 5

38
Q

what is the course of the deep fibular nerve

A

branches off the common fibular within the substance of the fibularis longs

passes into the anterior compartment by piercing the extensor digitorum longus muscle

in the anterior compartment it sits lateral to the anterior tibial

innervates ALL muscles of the anterior compartment

passes deep to the extensor retinaculum

39
Q

what is the path of the deep fibular n. in the distal foot

A

lies anterior to the dorsalis pedis a.

divides into lateral and medial terminal branches

40
Q

where does the medial terminal branch of the deep fibular nerve go?

A

follows the course of the first dorsal metatarsal artery to cutaneously innervate the web between the first and second toes

41
Q

what does the lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve go and do

A

deep to the extensor digitorum brevis (which it innervates) then contributes to the sensory fibers to the joints of foot

42
Q

what are the cord levels of the tibial nerve

A

L 4 5

S 1 2 3

43
Q

while in the popliteal fossa what does the tibial n. give branches to?

A

to the plantar is and gastrocnemius muscles

as well as a cutaneous nerve to the posterior leg (the medial sural cutaneous)

44
Q

medial (from tibial n) and lateral cutaneous (from common fibular) nerves fuse near the musculotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius muscle via what? and then to form what?

A

fuse via the communicating branch of the lateral sural cutaneous n.

form the sural n. which provides the lateral dorsal cutaneous n AND
the lateral calcaneal branch to the lateral posterior surface of the heel

45
Q

when the tibial nerve leaves the popliteal fossa what muscles does it give innervation to?

A

popliteus
soleus

ALL THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG

46
Q

where does the tibial nerve exit the leg?

A

behind the medial malleolus between the posterior tibial artery and tendon of the flexor hallucis longus

47
Q

as structures of the deep posterior compartment exit the leg they pass beneath the flexor retinaculum in what order from ANTEROMEDIAL to POSTEROLATERAL

A

TOM DICK a.n. HARRY

Tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery with veins 
tibial nerve 
flexor hallucis longus
48
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial surface of the foot and the medial posterior surface of the heel

A

saphenous nerve (distal most extension of the femoral nerve)