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MSK exam 3 AP lower limb > gluteal and posterior femoral regions > Flashcards

gluteal and posterior femoral regions Flashcards

2
Q

piriformis

A

attached to the sacrum

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3
Q

greater and lesser sciatic notches form what?

A

foramen because there are ligaments-sacrotubrerous ligament-becomes greater and lesser sciatic foramina

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4
Q

gluteal region?

A

superficial and deep layers

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5
Q

attachments of gluteus maximus

A

origin: between posterior crest of ilium and posterior gluteal line and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT tract**has distal tendon on IT tract

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6
Q

action of gluteus maximus

A

extension
, lateral rotation of thigh

action at ITT with tensor fascia latae stabilizes the knee

important in going up stairs or getting up from a sitting position

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7
Q

superficial gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus maximusgluteus mediusgluteus minimustensor fascia latae

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8
Q

attachments of gluteus medius

A

origin: between posterior crest of ilium and posterior gluteal line and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: gluteal tuberosirt of femur and IT tract

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9
Q

deltoid of the lower limb

A

gluteal medius

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10
Q

action of gluteus medius?

A

abduction of thigh

posterior fibers - laterally rotate thigh (w/ gluteus maximus)

anterior fibers - medially rotate thigh (w/ gluteus minimus)

levels sacral base when opposite limb is unsupported

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11
Q

innervation of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

attachments of gluteus minimus?

A

origin: ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
insertion: greater trochanter of femur - anterior surface

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13
Q

action of gluteus minimus?

A

abduction and medial rotation of thigh

acts with gluteus medius in leveling sacral base

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14
Q

paralyze the L5 (which is what nerve?)

A

nerve is the superior gluteal nerve

sacral base drops

usually the gluteus medius and minimus are leveling the sacral base when the opposite foot is off the ground

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15
Q

attachment of tensor fascia latae?

A

origin: anterior outer portion of iliac crest next to ASIS
insertion: via IT tract to lateral tibial condyle

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16
Q

action of tensor fascia latae?

A

abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

by tensing IT tract maintains knee extended

crosses two joints

brace and buttress the knee

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17
Q

action of tensor fascia latae?

A

abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

by tensing IT tract maintains knee extended

brace and buttress the knee

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18
Q

muscles of deep gluteal region?

A 
piriformis
gemellus superior
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
**lateral rotation
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19
Q

innervation of tensor fascia latae?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

attachment of piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum, lateral to anterior sacral foramina
insertion: greater trochanter of femur

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21
Q

action of piriformis

A

abduction of thigh, lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

tensor fascia latae with straight leg?

A

flex and medially rotate

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23
Q

attachments of gemellus superior?

A

origin: ischial spine
insertion: tendon of obturator internus (greater trochanter)

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24
Q

innervation to piriformis?

A

nerve to piriformis

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25
Q

action of gemellus superior?

A

lateral rotation of thigh

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26
Q

what attaches to greater trochanter?

A

gemellus superior and inferior

obturator internus

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27
Q

attachments of obturator internus

A

origin: internal surface of obturator membrane and margins of oburator foramen
insertion: greater trochanter

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28
Q

innervation of gemellus superior?

A

nerve to obturator internus

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29
Q

action of obturator internus?

A

lateral rotation and some abduction of thigh

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30
Q

attachments of gemellus inferior

A

origin: ischial tuberosity near margin of lesser sciatic notch
insertion: tendon of obturator internus (greater trochanter)

31
Q

innervation of obturator internus?

A

nerve to obturator internus

32
Q

action of gemellus inferior?

A

lateral rotation of thigh

33
Q

innervation of gemellus inferior?

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

34
Q

attachments of quadratus femoris

A

origin:ischial tuberosityinsertion:area midway between trochanter on posterior surface of femur

35
Q

action of quadratus femoris

A

lateral rotation of thigh

36
Q

muscles of posterior femoral compartment?

A

biceps femoris

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

37
Q

attachment of biceps femoris?

A

origin:long head - ischial tuberosity

short head - middle third lateral lip linea aspera of femur

insertion:lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula

38
Q

innervation of quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

39
Q

innervation of biceps femoris?

A

long head - tibial component of sciatic nerve

short head - common fibular nerve

40
Q

action of biceps femoris?

A

long head - extends thigh, flexes legshort head - flexes leg

41
Q

attachments of semimembranosus

A

origin:ischial tuberosityinsertion:posterior surface, medal condyle of tibia

42
Q

attachments of semitendinosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial anterior surface of tibia below condyle

43
Q

action of semitendinosus

A

extends thigh

flexes and medially rotates leg when knee is flexed

44
Q

action of semimembranosus

A

extends thigh, flexes leg and medially rotates leg when knee flexed

45
Q

what forms the pes anserinus?

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

same actions on knee-flexion and medial rotation of tibia when tibia flexed

46
Q

superior gluteal artery

A

branch of internal iliac artery

passes from pelvic cavity to gluteal area through the greater sciatic foramen SUPERIOR to piriformis

47
Q

innervation of semitendinosus

A

tibial component of sciatic nerve

48
Q

vessels around piriformis?

A

superior gluteal and inferior gluteal

49
Q

deep branch of superior gluteal artery?

A

divides into superior and inferior branches-both travel between gluteus medius and minimus

superior branch - tensor fascia lata fossa

inferior branch - trochanteric fossa

50
Q

superficial branch of superior gluteal artery?

A

to gluteus maximus

51
Q

inferior gluteal artery?

A

branch of internal iliac arterypasses to gluteal area from pelvic cavity via greater sciatic foramen INFERIOR to piriformis

52
Q

muscular branch of inferior gluteal artery?

A

to gluteus maximus and muscles in area of ischial tuberosity

53
Q

inferior gluteal artery anastomosis?

A

branches to cruciate anastomosis

so near the neck of the femur

54
Q

largest peripheral nerve in body?

A

sciatic nerve

55
Q

branches of inferiour gluteal artery?

A

muscular, anastomosis branch, branch to sciatic nerve, coccygeal, cutaneous

56
Q

coccygeal branch of inferior gluteal artery?

A

pierce sacrotuberous ligament to gain gluteus maximus and subcutaneous region over coccyx

57
Q

cutaneous branch of inferior gluteal artery?

A

accompanies posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

58
Q

sacral plexus

A

ventral rami spinal nerves L 4,5 S 1,2,3

motor and cutaneous innervation to lower limb, muscles of pelvus and perineum, and skin of perineum

59
Q

vasculature of posterior femoral compartment?

A

perforating vessels of profunda femoral artery and vein

60
Q

nerves to gluteal area

A

pass from sacral plexus as neurovasacular bundles to deep side of muscles

61
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

L4,5 S1

originates in sacral plexus

exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis muscle in company with superior gluteal artery and vein

courses between gluteus medius and minimus

innervates gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae

62
Q

inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5 S1,2

originates from sacral plexus, exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen ANTERIOR to piriformis in company with sciatic, pudenal, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves, inferior gluteal and internal pudenal vessels

passes directly into gluteus maximus which it innervates

63
Q

sciatic nerve

A

L 4,5 S 1,2,3

largest peripheral nerve of body and principal nerve of sacral plexus

exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, passing anteriorly and sometimes through substance of piriformis

64
Q

two components of sciatic nerve?

A

tibial

common fibular

65
Q

tibial nerve?

A

component of sciatic nerve-composed of anterior divisions of ventral rami,

spinal nerves L4-S3

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris
as well as ischiocondylar portion of the adductor magnus

66
Q

sciatic nerve course in the butt and thigh. what muscles is it laying under or on top of?

A

passes deep to piriformus

superifical to the deep lateral rotators of thigh (gamellus superior and inferior, quadratus femurs, obturator internus) and deep to the gluteus maxinus

in thigh, lies on the posterior surface of the adductor magnus (deep to hamstrings)

67
Q

common fibular nerve?

A

component of sciatic nerve-composed of posterior divisions of ventral rami,

spinal nerves L4-S2

short head of biceps femurs

68
Q

what is the relationship of the piriformis to the sciatic nerve.

A

the sciatic nerve emerges underneath the piriformis

69
Q

need to know courses of what?

A

superior and inferior gluteal and sciatic nerves***

70
Q

cord levels of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.

A

S1 2 3

71
Q

what does cluneal nerve refer to?

A

the buttocks

72
Q

why is the hamstring hurt more often?

A

because it is one muscle layer and can’t distribute strain as easily as the quadriceps

73
Q

what is the consequence of injury to the superior gluteal n?

A

sacral base will not be level when opposite limb is unsupported because of weak or paralyzed medius and minimus muscles

TRENDELENBERG SIGN

MSK exam 3 AP lower limb (15 decks)

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