femoral triangle, adductor canal, vessels and nerves anterior medial thigh

Question 1

what is the superior, medial and lateral border of the femoral triangle

Answer 1

superior inguinal ligament

medial- adductor longus (lateral border)

lateral - medial border of sartorius

Question 2

what is the roof and floor of femoral triangle

Answer 2

roof - fascial kata (deep fascia)

floor- pectineus and iliopsoas

Question 3

what are the contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 3

NAVL (lateral to medial)

nerve–> femoral nerve most lateral
artery–> femoral artery
vein–> femoral vein
lymphatics

Question 4

what covers the femoral artery and vein in the femoral triangle

Answer 4

femoral sheath

this is a partitioned prolongation of the transversalis fascia

Question 5

is the femoral nerve in the femoral sheath?

Answer 5

NO

Question 6

what is the femoral canal and where is it? what is found in this canal?

Answer 6

this is medial to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

a deep inguinal lymph node can be found usually in this

Question 7

how does a femoral hernia happen?

Answer 7

fat or a portion of a viscus may protrude from within the abdomen through the entrance of the femoral canal (called the femoral ring) f

Question 8

where does the femoral nerve course in the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

in a groove formed where the iliacus and psoas major muscles join MOST LATERAL

Question 9

what is the function of the adductor canal

Answer 9

connects the compartment of the femoral triangle with the popliteal fossa

Question 10

where does the adductor canal begin

Answer 10

begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and passes inferiorly until it reaches an opening in the adductor magnus tendon (adductor hiatus
which communicates with the popliteal fossa

Question 11

what is the anteromedial border of the adductor canal

Answer 11

sartorius (forms roof over canal)

and vasoadductor membrane

Question 12

what is the anterolateral border of the adductor canal

Answer 12

vastus medialis

Question 13

what is the posterior border of the adductor canal

Answer 13

adductor longus superiorly

adductor magnus inferiorly

Question 14

what are the contents of the adductor canal

Answer 14

femoral a and v
motor nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous n. (from femoral nerve)

Question 15

as the femoral artery and vein descend to enter the adductor canal what lies more anterior ?

Answer 15

the femoral artery

this is because this will place the femoral a in a more protected position within the popliteal fossa

(directly adjacent to the posterior surface of the femur and covered by the popliteus m
deep to popliteal v.

Question 16

do the nerves that enter the adductor canal exit the adductor hiatus?

Answer 16

NO

only the femoral n and a exit

the nerve to the vastus medialis pierces that muscle while in the canal

the saphenous nerve pierces the medial wall (vasoadductor membrane) to become cutaneous

Question 17

what accompanies the saphenous nerve as it exits and pierces the vasoadductor membrane

Answer 17

the descending genicular artery which branches from the femoral artery

Question 18

what does the deep profunda arise from

Answer 18

from the femoral artery posterolaterally

Question 19

what does the femoral artery arise from?

Answer 19

continuation of the external iliac artery inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 20

when does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 20

as its exits the adductor hiatus

Question 21

what are the branches of the lateral femoral circumflex?

Answer 21

ascending
tranverse
descending

Question 22

where does the ascending lateral femoral circumflex go?

Answer 22

ascends deep to the tensor fascia lata muscle

Question 23

where does the transverse femoral circumflex go?

what does it anastomose with?

Answer 23

winds around the femur within the substance of the vastus lateralis muscle

anastomoses with branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery
inferior gluteal a.
and first perforating artery making the cruciate anastomosis

Question 24

what does the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex do/anastomose with

Answer 24

descends on the surface of the vastus lateralis and participates with other arteriis in the genicular anastomoses (of knee)

Question 25

what will the medial femoral circumflex artery be tagged going between?

Answer 25

psoas and pectineus

Question 26

what forms the cruciate anastomosis

Answer 26

transverse branch of lateral circumflex humeral
medial femoral circumflex
inferior gluteal a
first perforating a.

Question 27

what is the path of the perforating arteries?

Answer 27

arise from the lateral surface of the deep femoral a.

pierce the adductor magnus
pass posterior to the femur
end within the substance of the vastus lateralis muscle

Question 28

when does the descending genicular a arise and what are its branches?

Answer 28

arises from the femoral a just before it passes through the adductor hiatus

articular branch (penetrates the vastus medialis)

saphenous branch ( pierces the vastoadductor membrane with the saphnous nerve )

Question 29

obturator artery is a branch of what

what does it pass through to get to the thigh

Answer 29

branch of the internal iliac artery

passes from the pelvic cavity to the thigh via the obturator canal and remains DEEP to the obturator externus muscle

Question 30

what are the branches of the obturator artery

Answer 30

anterior and posterior - these anastomose with each other

the posterior provides a acetabular branch to the acetabulum and an artery to the head of the femur via the ligamentum teres femoris

Question 31

what is the origin and course of the femoral nerve

Answer 31

origin is ventral rami of spinal nerves L2 3 4

exits the pelivs deep to the inguinal ligament in the groove between the iliacus and psoas major muscles

lateral in the femoral triangle

Question 32

while in the femoral triangle what does the femoral nerve do?

Answer 32

provides intermediate and medial femoral cutaneous branches

motor branches to:
pectinius
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus muscles
articularis genu

Question 33

what are two branches of the femoral nerve that enter the adductor canal

Answer 33

saphenous nerve

motor branch of the vastus medialis

Question 34

where does the obturator n originate

Answer 34

within the lumbar plexus from ventral rami of spinal nerves L2 3 4

Question 35

what does the obturator nerve split into and when?

Answer 35

splits into anterior division and posterior division when it meets the adductor brevis

Question 36

where does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve sit?

Answer 36

lies on the surface of the adductor brevis muscle deep to the adductor longus

Question 37

what does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve innervate

Answer 37

adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis
sometimes pectinius

also sends a branch to the hip joint

cutaneous nerve to the medial surface of the thigh

Question 38

where does the posterior branch of the obturator nerve sit and what does it innervate?

Answer 38

lies on the surface of the adductor magnus, deep to the adductor brevis

innervates:

• adductor magnus (portion of it)
• obturator externus

sends articular branch to the knee joint

Question 39

which branch of femoral artery provides the only blood supply to deep structures of the posterior thigh?

Answer 39

perforating branches?

Question 40

which branch of femoral artery is most importnat to the circulation of the femoral neck?

Answer 40

medial circumflex humeral and maybe ascending branch of lateral circumflex humeral

Question 41

which branch of the femoral nerve distributes below the knee?

Answer 41

saphenous nerve