Pop dynamics Flashcards
what was the marmot review
review of social determinants of health and health divide
health inequalities arise from social inequalities - reducing health inequalities are vital to the economy
what were the six policy objectives to the marmot review
give every child best start in life
young people have max capability to have control over their lives
create fair employment for all
ensure healthy standard of living (living wage)
stable environment
prevent ill health
define these statements
individual perspective
population perspective
demography
focus on health - risk factors - exposure, individual mechanisms
focus on disorders and mechanisms in people as a group
study of stats at births deaths incomes, major impacts on health
what are the two characteristics of populations (DD)
they are dynamic and diverse
what are the key events and processes (dynamic) vs key characteristics (diverse) of populations
e/p - dynamic - birth, migration, ageing, death
c - diverse - size, density, age, place, ethnicity, education
what are 4 topics of a dynamic population
fertility
mortality
life expectancy
migration
how is fertility in a population dynamic
contraception - reduced fertility
education - delaying marriage and contraception
changes in family support - more maternity leave increase fertility
what is the difference between fertility rate and brith rate
f - live births in year/mid-year pop (women of reproductive age)
b - live births in year / mid-year pop (both genders, all ages)
describe how mortality is dynamic in populations
low and begins to rise in mid 20’s and accelerates during 50’s then sharply after 60’s
not good tool so use age-standardised mortality rate
what is period life expectancy vs cohort life expectancy
- Period life expectancy = at a given age for an area is the average number of years a person would live if he or she experienced the particular area’s age-specific mortality rates for that time period throughout his or her life; useful measure of actual mortality rates over a given period.
- Cohort life expectancy = calculated using age-specific mortality rates which allow for known or projected changes in mortality in later years and are thus regarded as a more appropriate measure of how long a person of a given age would be expected to live.
what are the different types of population pyramids
expansive - developing kenya - rapid growing = normal pyramid
us - stationary = slow growth
italy = constrictive - behave = ageing population
what is the equation for natural increase in population growth and what does it no include
brith rate - death rate
not including migration
what is a decrease pyramid (declining)
population pyramid with very low birth rate and ageing population eg japan / italy
what is a demographic transition
changes in death and birth rate leading to natural population growth that appears during modernisation
what are the 4 stages of demographic transition
1 = high brith and death rate = low natural increase
2 - death rate falls = high natural increase
3 - birth rate declines - natural increase still high but rate of population growth falling
4 - complete - brith rate joining death rate as stable - low rate and population size stable
