global health

Question 1

define health

Answer 1

state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not just absence of disease

Question 2

define public health

Answer 2

focuses on issue that affect the health of a population of a community or country

Question 3

define global health

Answer 3

focused on people across the whole planet - health determined by problems issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries

Question 4

what is international health

Answer 4

specific diseases and conditions in particular countries other than ones own and stresses more the difference between countries

Question 5

what was the MDG by 2015

Answer 5

millennium development goal 
end poverty and hunger 
universal education 
gender equality 
reduce child mortality 
improve maternal health 
Combat HIV and malaria 
environmental sustainability 
global partnership

Question 6

describe the MDG failed to reduce child mortality

Answer 6

43 deaths per 1000 live

failed by 2/3rds target

Question 7

how did the MDG fail with maternal health

Answer 7

fallen nearly a half but short of the two 3rds reduction aim

Question 8

how did the MDG failed with HIV

Answer 8

target of halting and reversing spread failed but new cases fallen by 40%

Question 9

did the MDG meet its target for environmental sustainability and global partnership

Answer 9

target reached for water by 2010

global stewardship emerging - shared threats and challenges

Question 10

what are the SDG’s

Answer 10

sustainable development goals

17 goals to eradicate poverty and transform economies by 2030

Question 11

what are the 5 transformative of SDG’s

Answer 11

leave no one behind 
sustainable development at  the  core 
transform economies 
build peace  
forge global partnership

Question 12

what are communicable diseases

Answer 12

any condition transmitted to a person from an infected person or animal through an intermediate host or environment

Question 13

why are communicable diseases a global health issue

Answer 13

can spread across the globe and has global implication as disruption of travel and trade

Question 14

what is DALY

Answer 14

disability adjusted life year

one lost year of healthy life - used as a measure between current health status and an ideal health situation

Question 15

describe epidemiological transitions and give an example

Answer 15

transitions in demographic that affect transitions ion epidemiology

eg urbanisation - decreased infection and fertility - ageing population - chronic disease emerges

Question 16

what is a chronic disease

Answer 16

one that requires ongoing medical care usually longer than a year

Question 17

how does ill health affect not just people

Answer 17

affect économies and development - HIV = 1% reduction in economic growth in some sub Saharan countries

Question 18

what are slums

Answer 18

1 on 4 live in slums

neglected parts of cities densely populated - poor health

Question 19

how is healthcare funded 5 ways

Answer 19

direct or out of pocket payments  
tax
social health insurance 
voluntary or private health care 
donations

Question 20

what are the outcomes of future healthcares

Answer 20

risk of dying before 5 halved
smoking will count for a tenth of all works deaths in 2030
depression will be second to aids as a cause of debillitiaing illness
populations will grow rapidly, age and prosper

Question 21

what does sensitive testing give a indication of

Answer 21

how many people with a disease will test positive for that disease

Question 22

what does specificity testing give an indication of

Answer 22

of how many people who do not have a disease will test negative for that disease

Question 23

what is a positive predictive value an indication of

Answer 23

how many of the positive test results correspond to people who actually have the disease

Question 24

what is a negative predictive value an indication of

Answer 24

how many people of the negative test results correspond to people who do not actually have the disease

Question 25

what is the difference between high sensitivity and high specificity

Answer 25

high sensitivity = low false negatives but high false positives

high specificity = low false positive but very high false negative