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Pool Cert > Pool Cert Flash 4. Chemistry > Flashcards

Pool Cert Flash 4. Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pH scale?

A

Measures Acidic to Base on a scale. 0 (acid) - 7 (neutral) - 14 (base)

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2
Q

Pools with volumes over 100,000 gallons and all swimming pools utilizing gas chlorine as a disinfectant are required to have a chemical feeder to control and maintain the pH of the water, T or F?

A

T

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3
Q

What is the safety for positive displacement pumps used to feed chemicals for pH control?

A

Chemical feeders must automatically stop when swimming pool recirculation flow is interrupted.

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4
Q

Pools with volumes under 100,000 gallons must also use chemical feeders, but at a lower concentration, T or F?

A

F. Can be added manually.

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5
Q

How much in ppm will 1.5 pounds of sodium bicarbonate added to 10,000 gallons of water?

A

10 ppm

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6
Q

How much muriatic acid must be added to 10,000 gallons of water to raise the acid level to 10 ppm

A

1.6 pints

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7
Q

What causes water hardness to increase?

A

Dissolved calcium and magnesium compounds.

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8
Q

What can insufficient calcium hardness cause within the pool and system?

A

Etching of plaster surfaces.

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9
Q

How do you increase water hardness in pools? How much should be added to 10,000 gallons of water to raise the hardness to 80 ppm?

A

Adding Calcium Chloride. 10 pounds.

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10
Q

What does superchlorination aid in metal effects in water? What levels need to be reached to help this?

A

Reduce red or brown precipitation stains. 5 to 10 ppm.

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11
Q

Aside from killing bateria growth, what else does the use of Chlorine and Bromine aid in controlling? Which is better?

A

Algae. Chlorine is better at controlling both bacteria and algae.

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12
Q

How many pounds of Soda Ash must be added per pound of Gas Chlorine to maintain proper pH levels?

A

1.5 lbs Soda Ash to 1.0 lbs Gas Chlorine

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13
Q

What are the requirements for Chlorine Tanks held in the mechanical room and what safeties must the room maintain?

A
  1. The room must be air tight and equipped with mechanical ventilation capable of 1 air change per minute. 2. Chlorine tanks being used must be positioned on individual scales to determine use per day.
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14
Q

How much available chlorine does gas chlorine, liquid chlorine mix solution, granular chlorine contain, and tablet or stick chlorine?

A

Gas: 100%. Liquid: 10%. Granular: 65% Tablet or Stick: 90%

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15
Q

How is Liquid Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite) administered to a pool? What is it’s pH level?

A

Chemical Metering Pump. 13 pH.

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16
Q

How is Powdered Chlorine (Calcium Hypochlorite) administered to a pool? What is it’s pH?

A

Mixed with water and injected through the Chemical Metering Pump. 11 pH.

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17
Q

How is Granular Chlorine (Sodium dichloro-isocyanuric acid) administered to a pool? What is it’s pH?

A

May be dissoced into water and injected into the pool through a Metering Pump. 6.8 pH.

18
Q

Where are Tablet or Stick Chlrorine (Trichloro-isocyanuric acid) typically used, and how is it administered? What is it’s pH?

A

Out door pools. Slow dissolving and placed into the Erosion type Feeder. Can’t place in surface skimmers or gutters. 3.0 pH.

19
Q

How are Bromine Tablets added to pools? How much available bromine and chlorine does it contain? What is it’s pH?

A

Erosion type Feeder. 61% bromine, 27% chlorine. 4.0 pH.

20
Q

What is Chlorine Demand, and Bromine Demand?

A

Amount of the substance required to be added at any time to react against bacteria, dirt and other contaminants.

21
Q

What is (Free) Residual Chlorine?

A

Additional amount of the sanitization agent added in anticipation of future contaminants, after the Demand amount is reached.

22
Q

What is hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, how do they form, and what is their relationship?

A

Both formed when chlorine is added to the water. In water with a pH of less than 7.5, more hypochlorous acid is formed, which results in more efficient bacteria killing.

23
Q

What is Combined Residual Chlorine (Chloramines)?

A

Chlorine available as a bactericide in water, but is combined with another substance (usu. ammonia) to form chloramines. Are much less effective against bacteria.

24
Q

How do you combat Combined Residual Chlorines?

A

Increase the chlorine residual to where all of the ammonia is oxidized (Breakpoint - Shock - Superchlorinated). Non-chlorine substances available (Peroxymonosulfate).

25
Q

The pH of pool water must be maintained between _____ and ____.

A

7.2 and 7.6 pH

26
Q

Adding ________ or _________ will raise the pH of the water.

A

Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) or Sodium Hydroxide.

27
Q

Adding ________ or _________ will lower the pH of the water.

A

Muriadic Acid (Hydrochloric Acid) or Sodium Bisulfate

28
Q

The State of Illinois requires the alkalinity of pool water to be b/n ____ and ____ ppm.

A

50 and 200 ppm

29
Q

__________ is the most common metal found in water.

A

Iron

30
Q

The most common disingectant used to kill bacteria in swimming pools is ________.

A

Chlorine

31
Q

Chlorine is available in these three forms:

A
  1. Gas. 2. Liquid. 3. Granular Powder or Tablet
32
Q

Which form of chlorine provides 100% available chlorine?

A

Gas

33
Q

When the chlorine demand is met, the additional amount of chlorine added in anticipation of the substances yet to enter the water is called ___________.

A

Residual Chlorine

34
Q

Free residual chlorine is in the form of hypochlorite ions and _______.

A

Hypochlorous Acid

35
Q

The free chlorine residual must be maintained between _____ and ____ ppm.

A

1.0 and 4.0 ppm

36
Q

The free bromine residual must be maintained between _____ and _____ ppm.

A

2.0 and 8.0 ppm

37
Q

The process of increasing the chlorine residual to a point where all of the ammonia combined with chlorine is oxidized is called ___________ chlorination.

A

Breakpoint

38
Q

Chlorine tablets may be placed in surface skimmers or scum gutters, T or F.

A

F

39
Q

Indoor pools must maintain a temperature between ____ and ____ degrees F.

A

76 and 92 degrees F

40
Q

A 40,000 gallon pool needs to be superchlorinated to 10 ppm. The chlorine residual was last measured to be 0.5 ppm. How many ounces of calcium hypochlorite (65% available chlorine) must be added? ______ ounces.

A

40,000 / 7,500 = 5.33 ounces. 10 - 0.5 = 9.5. 9.5 x 5.33 = 50.67 ounces. 50.67 / 0.65 = 77.9 ounces. 77.9 ounces of Calcium Hypochlorite

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