polypeptide synthesis

Question 1

What is polypeptide synthesis?

Answer 1

a process of genetic expression, which produces proteins

Question 2

explain the structure of RNA

Answer 2

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, which is single stranded in comparison to dna (double stranded),consisting of ribonucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).

Question 3

list the nitrogenous bases in RNA

Answer 3

in rna, thymine is replaced with uracil
therefore it contains guanine, uracil, cytosine and adenine.

Question 4

What are the two stages of polypeptide synthesis in order?

Answer 4

1. transcription
2. translation

Question 5

What is transcription and what is its process?

Answer 5

• transcription is a process where dna is converted to messenger rna (mRNA)

process:
1. dna is unwinded by helicase

2. splicing occurs and Rna polymerase reads arrangement of nucleotides, which forms complementary strand by adding free floating nucleotides to complementary bases.
3. mRNA is transported out of nucleus and into the cytoplasm

Question 6

What is translation and what is its process?

Answer 6

• translation is a process where mRNA is decoded from a ribosome and builds a continuous chain of amino acids (polypeptide)

process:
1. ribosomes move along the mRNA molecule and decodes it into codons

2. tRNA carrying anticodon and specific amino acid will correspond with codon
3. The amino acid is released, forming a chain of amino acids
4. Cycle continually repeats, until it makes a polypeptide chain.

Question 7

what is an anticodon?

Answer 7

the anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.

Question 8

what is a codon?

Answer 8

A codon is a three-nucleotide or triplet sequence found on mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation.

Question 9

what is tRNA?

Answer 9

tRNA or transfer rna is a molecule that transfers specific amino acids to the ribose.

Question 10

what is mRNA?

Answer 10

messenger rna carries protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 11

what are the two types of RNA?

Answer 11

mRNA and tRNA

Question 12

What is splicing?

Answer 12

Splicing is a process where introns are removed

Introns - non coding region, which is not used in polypeptide synthesis

Exons - coding region, used in polypeptide synthesis

Question 13

Why is polypeptide synthesis important?

Answer 13

The role of dna is to code for specific proteins
All organisms produce proteins which have specific functions such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
Without proteins, there won’t be functions, meaning that life will cease to exist