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Product Design > unit 2 Polymers and additives > Flashcards

unit 2 Polymers and additives Flashcards

1
Q

Toughness

A

Ability to absorb energy and deform without cracking,Absorbs the energy from the impact and is designed to split , dissipating the energy.

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2
Q

Examples of toughness

A

Helmets
Car bumper

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3
Q

Elasticity

A

Materials resistant to distortion and ability to return to its original shape

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4
Q

Examples of elasticity

A

Polyurethane(used in textiles)
Latex / rubber (used in balloons

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5
Q

Flexability and folding

A

Ability of a material to bend or folded without breaking

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6
Q

Examples of flexibility and folding

A

Flexible PVC sheets (used in laminating)
Thermoplastics

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7
Q

Mouldability

A

Ability to be shaped into a form or mould

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8
Q

Examples of mouldability

A

Thermoplastics moulded in hot or molten
Thermosets moulded in cold liquid and cured

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9
Q

Cut and scored

A

Ability to be scored cut and folded depends upon the hardness of the material

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10
Q

Examples of cut and scored

A

Acrylic hard and easily scored may chip
HDPE and HIPS are softer more flexible so will score less well but easily cut without chipping

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11
Q

What are the mechanical properties

A

Toughness
Elasticity
Mouldability
Flexability
Cut and scored

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12
Q

What are the physical properties

A

Insulation
Self finishing
Uv resistance
Melting points
Transparency and translucently
Resistant to chemical and liquid
Ability to be combined with other polymers and additives

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13
Q

Thermal insulation

A

Reduce heat transfer especially between objects and people

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14
Q

Examples of things with thermal insulation

A

Saucepan handles
Kitchen utensils

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15
Q

Electrical installation

A

A material the doesn’t allow electricity to flow freely through it

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16
Q

Examples of electrical insulation

A

Polymers
Electrical ligh fittings and sockets

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17
Q

Melting points

A

Is the temperature at which a material changes state from solid to liquid

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18
Q

Thermoplastics

A

When heated they become soft pliable and can be shaped and moulded

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19
Q

Thermosets

A

Don not melt but start to decompose and char at high temperature

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20
Q

UV resistance

A

Uv bleaches colour from polymers such as ABS commonly used in garden furniture
Also effects the polymers mechanical properties

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21
Q

What polymers are Resistant to chemicals

A

HDPE used in manufacturing bleach bottles and chemically resistant piping

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22
Q

What polymers are resistant to liquids

A

Both HDPE and PET are used in plastic water bottles.
HDPE I’d recycable and reusable
PET is recycable but should not be reused over time

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23
Q

Transparency

A

How permeable a material is to light radiation

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24
Q

Plasticisers

A

enhance flow characteristics
and enable polymers to be moulded at high temperature

25
Q

Thermal antioxidants

A

help to prevent oxidation due to heat exposure during the manufacturing process

26
Q

Synthetic polymers

A

produced
from finite resources such as coal gas and oil

27
Q

Natural polymers

A

rubber and amber, which come from trees

28
Q

Cracking

A

Process of converting large hydrocarbons into smaller ones

29
Q

Thermo plastics

A

used in plastic long chains of molecules, tangled together
no fixed structure or pattern
generally soft and flexible with some shape memory

30
Q

LDPE

A

flexible, but also tough
used in packaging where flexibility is required like
squeezy bottles and snap on lids, carrier bags and toys
translucent or opaque
Has excellent resistance to chemicals

31
Q

HDPE

A

used for bottles, rigid plastic toys and bags for life
HDPE is harder than LDPE
good chemical resistance
Recyclable

32
Q

PP

A

tough, flexible polymer with good fatigue resistance
food packaging medical equipment
resistant to chemicals and solvents

33
Q

HIPS

A

rigid lightweight
high impact strength
food safe and commonly used for yogurt pots

34
Q

ABS

A

hard and tough with excellent impact strength
ABS is widely used for domestic appliance casings,
helmets, car bumpers and wing mirrors

35
Q

PMMA

A

Weather resistant chemical resistant
used in windows and aquariums

36
Q

Nylon

A

Elastic very strong dries quick
Used in clothing seat belts

37
Q

PVC

A

High impact strength
Used in windows cable wire insulation

38
Q

Stock forms

A

• Sheet
• Film
• Granules
• Rod and other extruded forms
• Foam
• Powder

39
Q

Elastomers

A

highly elastic and capable of recovering their original shape after being stretched
thermosets
irregularly coiled and cross-linked
When stretched molecules will straighten out in direction of pull

40
Q

Thermoplastic elastomers

A

Most TEPs are known by their trade names
for example Elastron® & Riteflex®
They display similar properties to the cross linked elastomers like rubber
TEPs offer faster processing times than cross-linked elastomers

41
Q

Stretching in elastomers

A

stretched and still return to their original shape
expand or contract due to temperature changes
be inflated and pressurised
worn to compress an injury or keep water out

42
Q

Grip in elastomers

A

These may take the form of sleeves or handles
Over moulding is also used to create
spongy grips and textures on other
thermoplastic products torches, pens, toothbrushes
and sports bottles

43
Q

Texture in elastomers

A

Most elastomers can have textures pressed or rolled into
them
* They can also be cast in textured moulds

44
Q

Vulcanisation

A

process used to cure rubber
making it harder, more durable and heat resistant
• A curing agent, sulphur, is added to the latex from
the rubber tree
• When heated and pressurised, the
sulphur atoms form cross links
• Vulcanised rubber is tough
and can more easily retain its shape

45
Q

Degradable

A

breaking down very slowly
into tiny plastic particles which do not assimilate back into the
earth but remain, pollute and can get into the food chain

46
Q

Degradable

A

breaking down very slowly
into tiny plastic particles which do not assimilate back into the
earth but remain, pollute and can get into the food chain

47
Q

Biodegradable

A

will break down without oxygen and
turn into carbon dioxide, water and biomass, finally
assimilating, however this can still take several years

48
Q

Compostable

A

material breaks down under
certain specific conditions into carbon dioxide, water,
inorganic compounds and biomass
• It takes a much shorter time
and leaves no toxic residue

49
Q

Oxy - degration

A

additive is often used in plastic carrier bags to speed up the process time it takes to break down can be ‘built in’ to the material
* First the material flakes, then,
over a few months or years,
the flakes turn to a powder

50
Q

Photo-degration

A

can be used to temporarily block out light preventing growth
until they break down
• These are commonly used in domestic gardens

51
Q

Hydro-degradable

A

suited to applications
that require a hygienic or leak-free
seal before exposure to water
• Laundry liquid pods
• Hospital laundry bags

52
Q

Corn starch polymers

A

naturally derived biopolymer
commonly used in packaging
• It is food safe and resistant to fats
• It is oxy-biodegradable
• It is UV resistant
• It is printable

53
Q

PotatoPak

A

inserted into a mould which is heated
under pressure to make a rigid shape
used for single use plastic items,
• By using an additive it can also
be expanded and made into
for packaging pellets

54
Q

Biopol

A

can be moulded, formed and extruded and can be used as an additive to promote bio-degradation in other thermoplastics
disposable shampoo bottles, disposable
razors and in the lining of nappies
good UV resistance and doesnt dissolve in water

55
Q

PLA

A

a synthetic bio-polymer powder
from corn starch
can be recycled
can be molded

56
Q

PHA

A

a natural bio-polymer powder
made from mixed waste
food safe
can be molded

57
Q

Lactide

A

Synthetic PLA based polymer
used in detergent pods

58
Q

Glycotide

A

a synthetic PLA polymer
used for bags
also known as ecofilm

Product Design (6 decks)

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