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Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What are plastics made from?

A

Monomers

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2
Q

What are carbon based synthetic plastics are made from?

A

Crude oil

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3
Q

How are plastics formed?

A

Extrusion,injection/compression

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4
Q

What was the first plastic? When was it formed ?

A

Bakelite 1907

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5
Q

What are the main elements seen in plastics?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulphur

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6
Q

What is the typical electro negativity of elements in plastics?

A

2.5

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7
Q

Plastics are bonded through which type of bonding?

A

Covalent bonded

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8
Q

What does it mean if something is organic?

A

Contains carbon

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9
Q

What are three categories of hydrocarbons?

A

Alphatics 25%
Aromatics 17%
Napthenes 50%

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10
Q

What are the four categories of non-hydrocarbons?

A

Metallics
Sulfurs 8%
Nitrogen 1%
Oxygens 3%

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11
Q

What is an alkane?

A

A cyclic saturated hydrocarbon

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12
Q

How does the boiling point of an alkane change with size?

A

Increase
Due to their decreasing surface area

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13
Q

What alkanes are there?

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Isobutane
Pentane
Hexane

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14
Q

What aromatic hydrocarbons are there?

A

Benzene
Napthelene

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15
Q

What cycloalkanes are there?

A

Cyclohexane
Methyl cyclopentane

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16
Q

What are some alkenes?

A

Ethylene
Butene
Isobutene

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17
Q

What are some alkynes?

A

Acetylene
Butadienes

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18
Q

In fractional distillation, [] molecules have [] boiling points, they condense [] up the tower

A

Smaller
Lower
Higher

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19
Q

From bottom to top, and at what approximate boiling point, describe the different hydrocarbons in the fractional distillation tower

A

Bitumen 350°C
Diesel
Kerosene
Naphtha
Petrol
Gas 20°C

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20
Q

Polymers can be [] or []

A

Amorphous or crystalline

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21
Q

Ethylene is a

A

Monomer

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22
Q

Polyethylene is a

A

Polymer

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23
Q

What is the difference between monomers and polymers?

A

A polymer is a chain of monomers

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24
Q

Through linking ethylene molecules through [] we get []

A

Through polymerisation

We get polyethylene

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25
The molecular weight of a polymer is determined by . . .
Polymerisation conditions
26
What is a thermoplastic
A plastic that softens and melts when heated, can be moulded and re-heated and remoulded
27
What is a thermosetting plastic?
Sets when first cooled down. Can be destroyed by too much heating Chemical reaction locks monomer chains
28
Bakelite is which type of plastic?
Thermosetting
29
Polymers can have a which types of forms?
Straight chain Branched chain Cross-linked covalent bonded
30
Straight and branched chain polymers are held together through
weak intermolecular bonds
31
Straight/ branched chain polymers include
Polyethylene Polystyrene
32
Phenol + formaldehyde =
Bakelite
33
Cross linked covalent bonded polymers have which kind of bonds?
Strong covalent bonds
34
Which polymers are cross-linked?
Bakelite Phenolics Epoxy
35
How are copolymers made?
Prepared from more than one monomer
36
What are the four types of copolymers?
Random,alternating,block,graft
37
What is meant by atactic?
Lacking regularity
38
Normal polystyrene is []
Atactic
39
Syndiotactic is more [] than atactic
Crystalline
40
What are the general properties of polymers? (There are A LOT, think generally about how a plastic behaves)
Combustible Low melting point Low solubility High molecular weight Variable molecule size Low compressive strength Low stiffness Low density Durable Softens at low temp Low thermal conductivity Flexible
41
Of the high volume plastics, what is PE
Polyethylene Container,piles,filmed,bags
42
Of the high volume plastics, what is PET
Polyethylene terephthalate Bottles,pakcaging
43
Of the high volume plastics, what is PVC
Polyvinyl chloride Window frames,flooring,wallpaper (Construction applications)
44
Of the high volume plastics, what is PP Hehe
Polypropylene Film,chairs,fibres,car bumpers
45
Of the high volume plastics, what is PS
Polystyrene Packing,insulation,cups
46
Of the high volume plastics, what is PU
Polyeurethane Adhesives, shoe soles, foam
47
Of the high volume plastics, what is ABS
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Tarp, electrical insulator, appliances
48
What are the five main components in a plastic?
Plasticers Fillers antioxidants Pigments Polymer (76%)
49
What are the Three main polymer processing techniques
Extrusion Injection moulding Compression moulding
50
Briefly describe extrusion
Plastic grains fed into a hopper These grains rotate through a heated barrel, they get compressing and extruded as a wire product
51
Briefly describe injection moulding
Grains fed into a hopper of a rotating and heated screw. Screw is rammed and heated granular plastic sets into a mould
52
Briefly describe compression moulding
Thermoplastic injected into a mould via plunger Pressure applied
53
What is the most common plastic in construction?
PVC polyvinyl chloride
54
Which plastic is used in landfill? Why?
HDPE (high density polyethylene) Traps leachate from getting into environment
55
Bitumen is the [] hydrocarbon
Heaviest Chunky
56
Bitumen is the [] of asphalt
Binder
57
Bitumen is what kind of hydrocarbon?
Viscous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
58
Bitumen is which type of plastic
Thermoplastic
59
Is bitumen waterproof?
Yes
60
What elements compose bitumen?
C H S O N Chson
61
Describe asphalt with not enough bitumen
Bitumen coats and binds aggregate, but only so much that asphalt property is defined by stone skeleton
62
Describe asphalt with too much bitumen
Volume of bitumen exceeds aggregates, it has dominant properties in the mixture
63
Describe asphalt with just the right amount of bitumen
Bitumen fills voids, stones + bitumen combine their properties Compaction ensures permeability
64
Why is porous asphalt porous?
High aggregate to bitumen ratio leaves many voids

Materials (13 decks)

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