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Materials > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What are plastics made from?

A

Monomers

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2
Q

What are carbon based synthetic plastics are made from?

A

Crude oil

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3
Q

How are plastics formed?

A

Extrusion,injection/compression

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4
Q

What was the first plastic? When was it formed ?

A

Bakelite 1907

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5
Q

What are the main elements seen in plastics?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulphur

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6
Q

What is the typical electro negativity of elements in plastics?

A

2.5

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7
Q

Plastics are bonded through which type of bonding?

A

Covalent bonded

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8
Q

What does it mean if something is organic?

A

Contains carbon

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9
Q

What are three categories of hydrocarbons?

A

Alphatics 25%
Aromatics 17%
Napthenes 50%

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10
Q

What are the four categories of non-hydrocarbons?

A

Metallics
Sulfurs 8%
Nitrogen 1%
Oxygens 3%

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11
Q

What is an alkane?

A

A cyclic saturated hydrocarbon

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12
Q

How does the boiling point of an alkane change with size?

A

Increase
Due to their decreasing surface area

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13
Q

What alkanes are there?

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Isobutane
Pentane
Hexane

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14
Q

What aromatic hydrocarbons are there?

A

Benzene
Napthelene

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15
Q

What cycloalkanes are there?

A

Cyclohexane
Methyl cyclopentane

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16
Q

What are some alkenes?

A

Ethylene
Butene
Isobutene

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17
Q

What are some alkynes?

A

Acetylene
Butadienes

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18
Q

In fractional distillation, [] molecules have [] boiling points, they condense [] up the tower

A

Smaller
Lower
Higher

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19
Q

From bottom to top, and at what approximate boiling point, describe the different hydrocarbons in the fractional distillation tower

A

Bitumen 350°C
Diesel
Kerosene
Naphtha
Petrol
Gas 20°C

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20
Q

Polymers can be [] or []

A

Amorphous or crystalline

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21
Q

Ethylene is a

A

Monomer

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22
Q

Polyethylene is a

A

Polymer

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23
Q

What is the difference between monomers and polymers?

A

A polymer is a chain of monomers

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24
Q

Through linking ethylene molecules through [] we get []

A

Through polymerisation

We get polyethylene

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25
Q

The molecular weight of a polymer is determined by . . .

A

Polymerisation conditions

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26
Q

What is a thermoplastic

A

A plastic that softens and melts when heated, can be moulded and re-heated and remoulded

27
Q

What is a thermosetting plastic?

A

Sets when first cooled down.

Can be destroyed by too much heating

Chemical reaction locks monomer chains

28
Q

Bakelite is which type of plastic?

A

Thermosetting

29
Q

Polymers can have a which types of forms?

A

Straight chain
Branched chain
Cross-linked covalent bonded

30
Q

Straight and branched chain polymers are held together through

A

weak intermolecular bonds

31
Q

Straight/ branched chain polymers include

A

Polyethylene
Polystyrene

32
Q

Phenol + formaldehyde =

A

Bakelite

33
Q

Cross linked covalent bonded polymers have which kind of bonds?

A

Strong covalent bonds

34
Q

Which polymers are cross-linked?

A

Bakelite
Phenolics
Epoxy

35
Q

How are copolymers made?

A

Prepared from more than one monomer

36
Q

What are the four types of copolymers?

A

Random,alternating,block,graft

37
Q

What is meant by atactic?

A

Lacking regularity

38
Q

Normal polystyrene is []

A

Atactic

39
Q

Syndiotactic is more [] than atactic

A

Crystalline

40
Q

What are the general properties of polymers?

(There are A LOT, think generally about how a plastic behaves)

A

Combustible
Low melting point
Low solubility
High molecular weight
Variable molecule size
Low compressive strength
Low stiffness
Low density
Durable
Softens at low temp
Low thermal conductivity
Flexible

41
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PE

A

Polyethylene
Container,piles,filmed,bags

42
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PET

A

Polyethylene terephthalate
Bottles,pakcaging

43
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PVC

A

Polyvinyl chloride
Window frames,flooring,wallpaper
(Construction applications)

44
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PP

Hehe

A

Polypropylene
Film,chairs,fibres,car bumpers

45
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PS

A

Polystyrene
Packing,insulation,cups

46
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is PU

A

Polyeurethane
Adhesives, shoe soles, foam

47
Q

Of the high volume plastics, what is ABS

A

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Tarp, electrical insulator, appliances

48
Q

What are the five main components in a plastic?

A

Plasticers
Fillers
antioxidants
Pigments
Polymer (76%)

49
Q

What are the Three main polymer processing techniques

A

Extrusion

Injection moulding

Compression moulding

50
Q

Briefly describe extrusion

A

Plastic grains fed into a hopper

These grains rotate through a heated barrel, they get compressing and extruded as a wire product

51
Q

Briefly describe injection moulding

A

Grains fed into a hopper of a rotating and heated screw.

Screw is rammed and heated granular plastic sets into a mould

52
Q

Briefly describe compression moulding

A

Thermoplastic injected into a mould via plunger

Pressure applied

53
Q

What is the most common plastic in construction?

A

PVC polyvinyl chloride

54
Q

Which plastic is used in landfill? Why?

A

HDPE (high density polyethylene)

Traps leachate from getting into environment

55
Q

Bitumen is the [] hydrocarbon

A

Heaviest

Chunky

56
Q

Bitumen is the [] of asphalt

A

Binder

57
Q

Bitumen is what kind of hydrocarbon?

A

Viscous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

58
Q

Bitumen is which type of plastic

A

Thermoplastic

59
Q

Is bitumen waterproof?

A

Yes

60
Q

What elements compose bitumen?

A

C
H
S
O
N

Chson

61
Q

Describe asphalt with not enough bitumen

A

Bitumen coats and binds aggregate, but only so much that asphalt property is defined by stone skeleton

62
Q

Describe asphalt with too much bitumen

A

Volume of bitumen exceeds aggregates, it has dominant properties in the mixture

63
Q

Describe asphalt with just the right amount of bitumen

A

Bitumen fills voids, stones + bitumen combine their properties

Compaction ensures permeability

64
Q

Why is porous asphalt porous?

A

High aggregate to bitumen ratio leaves many voids

Materials (13 decks)

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