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Materials > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

1
Q

what is malachite?

A

copper carbonate hydroxide

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2
Q

metals form giant regular [] where a sea of delocalised [] move freely

A

lattice
electrons

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3
Q

A metallic bond can be explained as

A

The attraction between the negative sea of electrons to the positive metal lattice

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4
Q

A metallic bond is [], therefore metals have [] boiling points

A

strong
high

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5
Q

A mixture of metals is called a

A

alloy

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6
Q

FCC stands for

A

Face centred cubic

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7
Q

HCP stands for

A

hexagonal close packed

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8
Q

BCC stands for

A

body centred cubic

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9
Q

in HCP, the atoms are layered in which kind of pattern?

A

ABA

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10
Q

in FCC, the atoms are layered in which kind of pattern?
What is the result of this?

A

CBA
all holes are filled

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11
Q

What are the types of imperfections in crystal structures?

A

substitutional atoms
intersticial atoms
vacancies
dislocation

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12
Q

What is a substitutional atom?

A

when different size foreign material is introduced

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13
Q

What is an intersticial atom?

A

an atom that is squeezed into uniform structure, causing local stresses

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14
Q

What is a vacancy?

A

a missing atom which causes a stress field in the missing reigon

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15
Q

What is a grain boundary?

A

it is the interface between adjacent crystalline reigons that have different orientation

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16
Q

what is intergranular fracture?

A

facture that may occur between grains

17
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Extra line of atoms in a structure, makes for easier plastic deformation

18
Q

In plastic deformation, how does a dislocation move in a lattice structure?

A

the row of dislocations will be pushed along by a force
it will slip under the plane of atoms and move through the structure

19
Q

Under low [] dislocations move along the direction of []

A

shear
force

20
Q

What are the properties of alloys determined by?

A

composition of microstructure
distribution of phases
processing
size+shape of grain

21
Q

Steel is an alloy of mainly which materials?

A

iron
carbon(<2%)
silicon, phosphorous, sulphur, O2 (<1%)

22
Q

Grain boundaries are barriers to

A

dislocation motion

23
Q

The more [] sites, the more [].

A

nucleation sites
the more boundaries

(nucleation is the initial process of forming a crystal from a solution btw)

24
Q

Reduced grain size =

A

higher yield stress

25
Q

solute atoms have an associated []

A

strain field

26
Q

the associated strain field of atoms interacts with the strain field of nearby [] and inhibits []

A

dislocations
motion

27
Q

Plastic deformation increases the number and density of

A

dislocations

28
Q

dislocations also increase in density in [].
dislocations moving on intersecting slip planes [] and []

A

plastic flow

pile up and tangle

29
Q

precipitation strengthening requires a fine distribution of of [] phase particles

A

2nd

30
Q

the 2nd phase particles used in precipitation strengthening have their very own [] that interacts with dislocations by [] and [] them

A

strain fields
pinning and locking them

31
Q

What is a phase diagram?

A

a diagram that depicts the relationships between different phases of a substance under varying conditions of temperature and composition

32
Q

What will the phase diagram axes represent?

A

y axis - temperature
x axis - composition % e.g wt% of C in a steel alloy

33
Q

What does a tie line represent?

A

a horizontal line that connects two phases in equilibrium at a specific temperature and composition

34
Q

What does the lever rule tell us?

A

determines the fraction of each phase present based on the ratio of lengths of the tie line when you bisect it with a point and want to know the ratio of phases present.

35
Q

What is a eutectic point in a phase diagram?

A

specific composition and temperature at which a binary mixture undergoes a eutectic reaction.

36
Q

what is a eutectic reaction?

A

The liquid phase transforms into two different solid phases at the same time

Materials (13 decks)

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