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Materials > Glass > Flashcards

Glass Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key properties of glass?

A

Transparent
High stiffness
Brittle
Strong in compression
Weak in tension
Hard
Fracture produces sharp surfaces
Excellent corrosion resistance
Low leaching of contaminants

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2
Q

What are the possible properties of glass composites

A

Improved tensile strength
Heat resistance
Noise dampening
High impact resistance
Light + heat transmission

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3
Q

What kind of material is glass?

A

Non-crystalline

Amorphous

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4
Q

How is glass produced from its liquid state?

A

Continuous cooling

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5
Q

What is the basic building block for glass?

A

SiO4 tetrahedron he’s together with covalent bonds

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6
Q

How does glass maintain its amorphous liquid phase structure?

A

By being supercooled into a solid

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7
Q

Why is glass higher in silica purity less viscous?

A

Less molecules disrupting structure

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8
Q

Increased viscosity [] ability to form a [] solid

A

Inhibits ability

Crystalline solid

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9
Q

What type of glass has the lowest viscosity?

A

Soda lime glass

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10
Q

How does alkali addition affect the microstructure of glass?

A

Breaks up the structure

Covalent bonding distances and angles break up the structure

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11
Q

As alkali are added, which kind of oxygen atoms form?

A

Ionic Non-bridging oxygen atoms

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12
Q

When referring to bridging oxygen atoms what does x mean in Qx

A

The number of bridging oxygens in the tetrahedron

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13
Q

Low levels of sodium give []
While higher ones give []

A

Q3

Q2

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14
Q

What does sodium saturation do to the SiO4 tetrahedron?

A

Make it unable to anything else

Oxygen bonds are broken

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15
Q

In the schematic microstructure of glass, which elements are network formers?

A

Si

Al

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16
Q

In the schematic microstructure of glass, which elements are network modifiers?

A

Na

Ca

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17
Q

What is a network modifier?

A

Breaks glass structure, causes amorphous form

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18
Q

What raw materials go into glass?

A

Glass sand
Alumina sand
Soda ash
Limestone
Dolomite

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19
Q

In commercial glass, SiO2 makes up how much?

A

70-74%

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20
Q

In commercial glass, Na2O makes up how much?

A

12-16%

21
Q

In commercial glass, CaO makes up how much?

A

5-11%

22
Q

What molecules make up 1-3% of commercial glass?

A

Mg

Al2O3

23
Q

What are the five glass components?

A

Glass forming oxides

Meting temp/ reducing fluxes

Property modifiers

Tinting glass

Processing agents

24
Q

Glass strength is dependent on

A

Largest surface flaw

25
Q

What does glass polishing reduce?

A

Surface flaws

26
Q

Abraded glass has lower what than flame polished glass?

A

Strength

27
Q

What are the three zones made on the surface of a glass fracture?

A

Mirror zone

Must zone

Hackle zone

28
Q

What is the mirror zone like?

A

Smooth surface near fracture origin

29
Q

What is the most zone lime

A

Small band of rougher surface between mirror and hackle zones

30
Q

What is the hackle zone like?

A

Large irregularly oriented faceted area

31
Q

What happens to the strength of glass under load over time?

A

Decreases - static fatigue

32
Q

What can the strength decrease caused by static fatigue be bolstered by?

A

Temp and humidity

33
Q

Why is the tensile strength of glass reduces underwater

A

Si-O-Si bonds at crack tip are more reactive to water when stretched

34
Q

Underwater, rapid loading drives cracks [] than water can [] into the cracks. Resulting in []

A

Faster

Diffuse

Increased strength

35
Q

How much if flat glass is raw material?

A

80% the rest is recycled glass

36
Q

What are the steps of the glass manufacturing process?

A

Weighing + mixing

Melting

Float

Annealing lehr

Inspection

Cutting + storage

37
Q

What temp is glass melted at?

A

1600°C

38
Q

What happens to the heat wasted in glass melting?

A

It is recovered to warm up combustion air

39
Q

In glass melting water cooled stirrers make . . .

A

The melt homogenous

40
Q

In the glass float

A

Molten glass floats on a bath of molten tin

41
Q

What kind of atmosphere makes it so tin doesn’t oxidise?

A

Inert 95% nitrogen atmosphere

42
Q

Glass enters the float at what temp and leaves the float as a uniform ribbon at what temp?

A

1050°C

600°C

43
Q

How is laminated glass produced?

A

By bonding two or more layers with a plasticised inter layer

44
Q

Laminated glass has a [] refractive index to glass

A

Similar

45
Q

Laminated glass absorbs how much of the sun’s UV?

A

99%

46
Q

What happens in the annealing lehr?

A

Glass slowly cooled to prevent stress buildup

Done with use of rollers

47
Q

What is tinted glass capable of?

A

Controlling heat and light transmission

48
Q

What is wired glass capable of?

A

Fire resistance, safety glazing

49
Q

What are the uses of glass in construction?

A

Flat glass
Laminated glass
Blocks
Composite fibre panels
Used as a SCM
Polymer/resin bonded glass products

Materials (13 decks)

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