Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology - Exam 2 > Polycythemia > Flashcards

Polycythemia Flashcards

1
Q

Polycythemia is the opposite of…

A

Anemia - PCV is abnormally high for polycythemia

-increased red cell concentration (relative or absolute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Relative increase in red cell concentration means…

A

Red cell mass is NOT increased but:

  1. decreased plasma
  2. splenic contraction - redistribution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemoconcentration is an example of relative increase in red cell concentration. What causes this?

A

dehydration and fluid shifts

-water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Redistribution of RBCs is an example of relative increase in red cell concentration. What causes this?

A

excitement and exercise (Epinephrine release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Absolute increase in red cell concentration means…

A

increased erythropoietin –> increased RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Erythropoietin increases when oxygen is…

A

low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Appropriate erythropoietic production increase is bc of…

A

Chronic Hypoxia

  • heart probs
  • lung probs
  • altitude increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inappropriate erythropoietin production is bc of…

A

hypoxia in the cells that produce erythropoietin

due to: renal tumors/abscess/infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary (Polycythemia vera) erythrocytosis is an example of what type of red cell production?

A

Absolute increase…
Increase in leukocyte and platelet production.
Increased Red cell production ONLY in Animals.
-myeloproliferative disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polycythemia vera is what type of disorder?

A

Myeloproliferative disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 yo dog presents with lethargy and vomiting - it is acutely ill.
PCV 75% (37-55)
Retics 0 (0-60)
T Pro 9.8 (6.0-8.0)

Gluc 220 (65-122) 
BUN 145 (7-28)
Creat 6.5 (0.9-1.7)
Ca 6.8 (9.0-11.2)
Phos 12.2 (2.8-6.1) 
T Prot 9.6 (5.4 - 7.4)
Alb 5.2 (2.7-4.5)
Glob 4.4 (1.9-3.4)
UA - USG 1.011
Prot +1
Gluc +2
pH 5.0
Sediment: Few RBCs, leukocytes, many calcium oxalate crystals

Diagnosis?
What gives it away?

A

Acute Renal Failure!
Giveaway: calcium oxalate crystals

Notes: Hyperglycemic - consider diabetes
Hypocalcemic - consider ethylene glycol toxicity
hyperphosphatemic - Get rid of Ph through the kidneys –> Decr. GFR
Isosthenuric - He is losing water in his urine bc he cannot concentrate.
Azotemic/Uremic
Dehydration

High PCV is the least of his worries.

Primary worry?:
severe Renal tubular epithelial cell damage secondary to metabolites of ethylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increase in PCV and T pro means you are probably dehydrated. Treat with fluids and everything will go back to normal.

A

Truth!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T Prot on Biochemical profile vs. T Pro on CBC…

A

w/ CBC estimating T Pro by measuring with a refractometer.

w/ Chemistry you are measuring chemically.

The difference normally is fibrinogen.

Expect T Pro to be a little lower on the Biochem Profile!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ONLY thing that causes an increase in Albumin is…

A

Dehydration!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T Pro - Alb =

A

Globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ingestion of (primary ingredient in coolant and antifreeze) Ethylene glycol is probably the most common cause of…

A

acute renal failure

17
Q

Metabolites of ethylene glycol are toxic –> Oxalic acid which combines with Ca2+ to form what? On the chemistry it will cause…

A

Calcium Oxalate Crystals

Hypocalcemia - Ca binds to the oxalic acid.

18
Q

Can you concentrate urine with acute renal failure?

A

Nope - Isosthenuric

19
Q 
8yo dog, PU/PD, lethargy
PCV 69 (37-55)
Retics 70 (0-60)
T Pro 7.5 (6.0-8.0)

What tests do you want to do?
Is his PCV increased due to hypoxia?

A

Rule out Dehydration - normal T Pro

Arterial Oxygen - Normal
Serum Erythropoietin - Increased

20
Q

Increased serum erythropoietin in an animal that is NOT hypoxic….think about?

A

Inappropriate Erythropoietin production.

Think about: Kidney lesion - mass/cyst

21
Q 
9 yo dog w/ lethargy, PU/PD
PCV 71 (37-55)
Retics 80 (0-60)
T Pro 7.5 (6.0-8.0)
Arterial Oxygen - Normal
Erythropoietin - Normal

What can you rule out?
What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

Rule Out:
Dehydration
Inappropriate Erythropoietin Production

Diagnosis: polycythemia vera

22
Q 
7yo dog w/ lethargy, PU/PD
PCV 62 (37-55)
Retics 100 (0-60)
T Pro 6.5 (6.0-8.0
Arterial Oxygen - decreased
Erythropoietin - increased

Why the increased Erythropoietin?
Next diagnostic tests?
Diagnosis?

A

An appropriate erythropoietin production secondary to the hypoxia.

Lung/Heart Imaging

Diagnosis: Hypoxemia

Clinical Pathology - Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions