Leukemia

Question 1

Leukemias are caused by…what cells are involved?

Answer 1

lymphoproliferative disorders - lymphocytes or plasma cells
myeloid neoplasms - (myeloproliferative disorders)
-everything produced in bone marrow

Question 2

Leukemias vs. Lymphoma

Answer 2

Leukemias arise in bone marrow or spleen.

Lymphoma - lymphoproliferative disorder that is usually not leukemic until stage 5

Question 3

What are the various ways leukemias are classified?

Answer 3

lymphoid vs. myeloid
immunophenotype
acute vs. chronic
cell morphology
# of circulating cells

Question 4

Acute Leukemia characteristics…

Answer 4

course of disease is acute (duh)
pts. die soon after most of the time
cells in peripheral blood are very immature - BLASTS (cells w/ nucleoli and big cells!)

Question 5

Chronic Leukemia characteristics…

Answer 5

cells are more mature and normal in appearance
course of disease is chronic
animals live longer

Question 6

Chronic Lymphoid leukemias are common in…

Answer 6

dogs and cats

Question 7

Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemias are (common/rare).

Answer 7

Chronic Neutrophil leukemias are rare!

Question 8

aleukeic vs. subleukemic vs. leukemic

Answer 8

aleukemic - all cells in bone marrow and are not released to peripheral blood
subleukemic - some cells getting into peripheral blood but not enough to mess up numbers
leukemic - numbers are increased above reference interval

Question 9

Examples of Acute Leukemias…

Answer 9

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

acute myelogenous leukemia

Question 10

Examples of chronic leukemias…

Answer 10

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B/T cell)

chronic myeloproliferative leukemia

Question 11

Traditional ID of cell types to classify as lymphoid or myeloid is by…

Answer 11

morphologic appearance
cytochemical staining properties
electron microscopic appearance
**monoclonal antibody binding to antigens on the cell surface

Question 12

What method of ID’ing cell types is most accurate?

Answer 12

monoclonal antibody binding to antigens on cell surface

Question 13

Hematopoietic Neoplasia (Leukemia) can simply be classified as…

Answer 13

Lymphoproliferative or Myeloproliferative

Question 14

Plasma cell leukemia…where are plasma cells? What are these neoplasias called?

Answer 14

They typically stay in the bone marrow.

Called multiple myeloma.

Question 15

Why are multiple myelomas given their name?

Answer 15

Bc they are in Multiple sites in the bone marrow.

Question 16

Examples of Lymphoproliferative Leukemias…

Answer 16

lymphopblastic
lymphocytic
plasma cell (multiple myeloma)

Question 17

Examples of Myeloproliferative Leukemias…

Answer 17

undifferentiated
granulocytic
monocytic
myelomonocytic
erythroid (arrhythmic myelosis)
megakaryocytic

Question 18

Granulocytic leukemias have what cells?

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

It is common to see a combo of granulocytic and monocytic leukemias together….why? What cells are seen?

Answer 19

Myelomonocytic leukemias
Have a common precursor
Cells: monocytes and neutrophils

Question 20

Monocytic leukemias have what cells?

Answer 20

Monocytes

Question 21

PCR for lymphoma is called…

Answer 21

PARR

Question 22

PARR detects? Differentiates?

Answer 22

antigen-receptor rearrangements

Differentiates non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders from those that are neoplastic.