Politics and War so religion in 16th century Flashcards
french wars of religion (1562-1598)
- french kings try to stop spread of aclvnisim by persutigin calvinstiss 2. Catholic majority outnumber Clanvisit minority 3. factors
french wars of religion ( french kings try to spread of aclvnisim by persutigin calvinstiss)
hungnots (french calvnisits) hurt fom risting princes, rigid guild sytsem, local privicigles small, nolbes becomes hugnesots (house of bourbon, hugnests dangerous repoliticla threat to monarhcial power, stron gwilled and organized)
french wars of religion (Catholic majority outnumber Clanvisit minority)
Valosis monarch (Catholic, had control over Catholic church), catherin de medici (henry II died the sons succeded then controlled by her, try to find compromise bu tCatholic and proestants won’t budged)
Guise
Catholic, could recuit to pay for armies , support form papcy and jesuits (favor their uncompromising Catholic postiion)
french wars of religion (factors)
- religion 2.resnteful growing power of monarchial civilizations (nobles wnatto revolt, then there is no centralized terrioity because nobles and monarchy fighintg) 3. people though loytalty and one’s religious beliefs are higher than french unity 4. politiques placed politics before religion and they e eutally won!
course of struggletimeline
1562: massacre by guise of hugnetos congreation at vassay (hugneots too small bu tdefnes is good)
1572: St. Bartholome’s Day Massacres
1576: Holy league (Catholics, henry duke of guise of france made king of france instad of henry III)
1588-1589: War of three henries
1598: Edict of Nantes
st. barhomeses day massacres
- calvinist and catholic in agreement, chalres IX (valosis) sister married Henry of navaree), the hugenots come to paris 2. guise family persuade charles IX and catherine de medici that hugneots gathering in paris is a threat, (chalres wan tot eliminate hugenots leaders) 3. leaders massacred, violence unleased in paris for three days, catholics killed hugenots, henry of navare turned Catholic, Valosis dynasty lost respect
War of the three henries
- henry (duke of guise) force henry III to make him chief minister 2. henry III kill duke of guise and join henry of navarre (became calvinist again) 3. henry III assasinated and henry of navaree claime throne 4. ehrny of navarre convert back to catholism to be acceptd by catholic france
edict of hantes
catholicms is the official religion of france, hugneots had the right o worship and hold poltiical privilges (hold public offices), was for political reaons didn’t actually want to do it
PHilip II (goals)
- bring together and get lands inherited from father (charesl V) (Spain, netherelands, possesions in italy, enw world are all Catholic) 2. tried to make a strong monarchial authority (hard because each terriority stood in individual relationship to king) 3. make spain a dominat power in europe
philip II
goals, importance of catholicsm to spanish people and ruler
philip II ( importance of catholicsm to spanish people and ruler)
wanted to save catholicsm chrisinanity fom protestant heretics, philip II was the champsion of catholicms, spain’s leadership of a hooly league against turish encrhsoemtn was a vicotry (BATTLE OF LEGANTO)
revolt of netherlands
netherelands, philip II want to strengthen his control in Netherlands, restress the politics proved counter productive, william of orange,
(revolt of netherlands) netherlands
richest part of philip II empire, north are german and dutch, south are french, at commerical crossrodas of north0western europe (commerce and industry prosperous) , location helped them to be open to religious influence (lutehranism, anabaptisim, calcinist), philip II was out of touch with them
(revolt of netherlands) philip II want to strengthen his control in Netherlands
opposed by nobles and towns, they did not want prividiels and freedoms to be weakened, taxes were used to spanish interests, philip II attempt to crush Calvinims (calvinsts destroy catholic church states, philip sent troops to crush revellion) DUKE OF ALBA
(revolt of netherlands) restress the politics proved counter productive
council f troubles brought a reign of terror and revolts became organized espeically where william of orange and dutch pirates took residence, taxes caused people to join nobles and valnists to fight against spanish, philip fire duke of alba and bring end to revolt
(revolt of neterhaldns) william of orange
pacification of ghent (unfiy netherlands, all produce respect religion and under williams reign), but duke of parma played religiou differences and split united front, union of utrechet (north, proestant), union of arras (catholic, south), in the end recognized independence of dutch republic or north providence, the rest remained spanish
foreeign policy
elizabeth, elizabeth and netherladns and philip II
forgien policy (elizabet)
realized war could be distarous for her kingdom and own rule, encourage english to raid spanish (francis drake), gave aid to french hugenots and dutch calvnist to weaken france and spain, avoid alliances with major powers
forgien policy (elizabeth and netherlands and philip II)
philip II of spanish (his advisors say that people of england will rise against elizabeth when spanish come, convince revolt in neterhaldldsn will be crushed as long as they don’t have support from england) successful invatvstion of engalnd: overthrown heresey and reutrn ti back to Catholicsm (philip order warships to meet with duke of parliament and go across english channel for invastion)
spanish armada
was a failure, didn’t have troops or ships tthat philip II planned to send, depend on god for miracle, defeat guarantted for the time being tha tengladn would remain proestant
Background ot the 30 years war
- importante role 2. religion placed a divse role in German life as lutherans and catholics persisted in competing for control of various principlaties, princes choose catholicsm or lutehranems 3. constitioned issue increased violence of religious diviosn / divison of holy roman emprie
Background ot the 30 years war ( importante role)
- religion / struggle between militant Catholicsm and militant calvniism 2. secular dynastic (non-religious) (nationalist considerations), start in holy roman emprie but spread to all of euorpe (conflict between bourbon dynasty of france and hapbsurg dynasty of psain and holy roman empire)
Background ot the 30 years war (religion placed a divse role in German life as lutherans and catholics persisted in competing for control of various principlaties, princes choose catholicsm or lutehranem)
peace of aubsurg (didn’t recognize rights of valnists, number of german states adopt calvniims as state church), electro palatine freerick IV form league fo german protestsnts (prosteatn union), duke maxilimam organized catholic league of German state
