militant revolution

Question 1

military revolution

Answer 1

1. militayr power 2. medival warfare 3. consictiotpion 4. aruging about phase military reaction 5. bigger armies and ships (heavier taxes, war is a an ecnomi cburdern), largeburarecy (suprsnes military rescues) —> grwoth in power of state government

Question 2

(miliary revoltuion) military power

Answer 2

essential to reputaiton and power (pressure to build military machiene)

Question 3

(military reovution) conscription

Answer 3

drafts, offensive, standing army, adophus first to do this, equal number of muskteters and pikeme, salvo (all rows fired at ounce then piek charge), fater pistole valley is a calvary charge with swords, light artileery (flexilbity), require coordination and training and dicipline (rulers wore away from undisicplined mercanries)

Question 4

(miltayr reovlution) aruging about phrase miltary revolution)

Answer 4

argue miltiayr devleopment are gradula (warfare continued to chage, armies got bigger and more expensive, need for more disicpline and traine dosliders, deducation of officers in schools, lienar formatison (mroe flexibilityand mobility-< increase use of firemarms (baynoet), naval race (bigger and more shipes))

Question 5

rebellions factors

Answer 5

unhappiness from nobles and commoners cause sway stabiliyt of europena government, monarches attempt to extend authroity, governemnt increases taxes and create hardships and oppositont o pay fro battles

Question 6

rebellions

Answer 6

peasnt and lower class revolts, portugal catlonia reel against spnaish government, naples and scility (commers) against tgovernemtn nobility, russia, france (effort to halt growth of power), northern states (suffer from change from clergy and nobility and mercanise groups), english revolution

Question 7

the practice of aboslitusm: westenr ruoep

Answer 7

1. abolsitum / absolute monarchy 2. bishop jacques bossuet

Question 8

(the practice of aboslitusm: westenr ruoep ) abolsitum / absolute monarch

Answer 8

ultimate atuhroity or soverign power in state rest in hadns of king who claimed to rule by divine right, jean bodin (soverienity is the authority to make laws, atxes, administer justice system, determine foreign policy)

Question 9

(the practice of aboslitusm: westenr ruoep ) bishop jacques bossuet

Answer 9

book: politics drawn fom the very words of holy scripture, theroist of divine right an dmonarhc, arugmetnts:
1. governemtn divenly ordained 9live in organized soceity) 2. god rule peole through kign (king’s power is aboslute, responsible to only God) 3. God not hold king accountable for his actions then king’s force responsibility and limits

Question 10

foudnatiosn of rench abolsitusm: caridnal richeliu

Answer 10

1. before louis XIV royal and ministral governemtns try to avoid break donw of state 2. cardinal richelieu

Question 11

(foudnatiosn of rench abolsitusm: caridnal richeliu) before louis XIV royal and ministral governemtns try to avoid break donw of state

Answer 11

louis XIII and lousi XI (boys when succed throne), royal ministers depend on to control governemtn

Question 12

(foudnatiosn of rench abolsitusm: caridnal richeliu) cardinal richelieu

Answer 12

politices that strengthe pwoer of monarchy (1. elminate political and miltiary rights of hugrenots and kept religious ones —> reliable hugentos, 2. humbling french nbility (understand importance of nobles, sent spies to uncover noble plots, eliminate threats to monarchy athiroty), intetnads, finaincal matters (corrupt, people benefiacted from ineuffincy and didn’t want reforms, taille and mortage increase, conflcit with habusrg increasing)

Question 13

intendents

Answer 13

excectue orders of governemtn, supposed to reform and strenghten central administration, conflcit wiht governemtn as power grew (indepndets are victorious)< strengthe power of crown

Question 14

cardinal mazarin

Answer 14

1. richlieu and lous XIII died then anne of autra then cardinal maxarn (tilains) 2. fronde revolt

Question 15

*cardinal mazarin) fronde revolt

Answer 15

maxarin not liked by french becaus eof hestiation, nobles ally with parliemtn of paris and masses at pairs (mad at taxes), 1. led by nobles of robe 2. nobles of sword (want to over thrown maxarin and serve their positions and get more power, rushed) 3. nobles begin fighting each other (people of france now know that stability in france depend on crown)

Question 16

parliament of paris

Answer 16

justidication over half of kingdom, made up of obles nad robe (adminsirators and lawyers)

Question 17

the reign of louis XI

Answer 17

1. willing to pay price of being a strong rule (followed his consicence, create grand spectable at court of verasilles and set up standrd for ruels in eruoep) 2. historians poitn out hsi realities fell short of desire, france had overlapping authroities, many court and laws na dnobles excerise nobility, towns and providences will not give up power

Question 18

admisntration of governemtn

Answer 18

1. restructive central policy and making machievery of governemtn 2. authroity over forigen policy (war and peace, assertion of secular poer of crown, levy taxes) 3. no success with internaed administration

Question 19

(admisntration of governemtn) no succes with interal admisntration

Answer 19

french groups are too powerful for him to control, control was brought by bribing indivdual responsbile for carrying out king’s polices still officials didn’t have to carry the policies out (sign of monarhcs not being so abolsute)< able to control provindical lcoal courts called parlments (register new laws)

Question 20

(adminstiration of governemtn) restructive central policy and making machievery of governemtn

Answer 20

1. new royal ocut of verasilels (household of king, location of cetnrla governemtn machienery) 2. threat to his rule from royal prines (beloeved they are to assert policy making role of royal ministries recoverd from royal council, wnated to be in his court then no politics, relid on other nobles)

Question 21

religious polciy

Answer 21

1. desire fo rreligious halgn led to conflict with french hugentos (did not allow protestant to practice faith, minoirty underminded political turhiotiy) 2. edict of fontainbeleu (revok of edict of nantes, destruction and closing hguentos and proetsnts churches adn schools, hugentos left to engaldn and german states, this weakend fren ch enomomy) 3. support for explusion of prosetants come from catothic lay people

Question 22

finanical isseus

Answer 22

1. bad infical sitatuion 2 hisotiran doubaul about polticis and colbert stuck to convictions (reglations avoided, high taxes are forgien retallation, his polices (meant to make king powerful) didn’t (more money then faster luouis bankrupt treaure, taxes shed on peasnts)

Question 23

(finaincal issue) bad finaicl situion

Answer 23

1. appoint jean bapitse colbert, as controller genral of infances 2. increase wealth and power by mercanlitsm (stress governemtn regulation of eonomic activies to benedict state) 3. decrease need for importsn and increase exports then expand quantity and improve equalitiy of goods 4. founded new luxury industres (instricutions of regulation, oversaw training, speical privilges), 5. build roads and cancals 6. to decrease import then riase taxes on goods 7. merchant marine

Question 24

daily life at court of verasilles

Answer 24

1. louis turne dhutnign lodge at versailles into cheaus (fortes) 2. purpose 3. political pursoes 4. life at verasilles

Question 25

(daily life at court of versailles) purpose

Answer 25

residence of king, reception hall, office to members of govnremnt, hourse for officals, symbol for french state and lousi's power (impress)

Question 26

(daily life at court of versailles) political purpose

Answer 26

wanted royal princess to live there and not have them have real power (distraction)

Question 27

(daily life at court of versailles) light at versailles

Answer 27

1. court ceremmony with louis at center of it, ceremonies staged (people wanted to help king do stuff), active involement in versailles --> king's prequisite for getting offices that king could only offer (nobles allow king to have control over them and prevent them from interfering in real lines of power) 2. court etiquette (maintain social position, nobles and oyal princes arranged in superior age nad expand to follow rule (where you could sit etc...)) 3. enterintament (appartement = rules relaxed but still had to be found)

Question 28

warsof louis XIV

Answer 28

nbefore, first war thrid war / war of the league of augsurb, fourth war / war of spanish succession, after wars

Question 29

(wars of lousi XIV) before

Answer 29

under tellier create army, the factors: increase in royal power and desire for militrayr glory led to war, want to ensure domination of bourbon dynasty over european affairs

Question 30

(wars of lous XIV) first war

Answer 30

1. invade spanish netherlands and france-comite 2. peace because of triple aplliance (dutch, sweede, english) 3. invaded united provinceds 4. becaus eof french vistoires, brandenburg and spanish and holy roman empire coalition then the dutch war 5. peace at mineguen (get (france) franch - comte) THEN LOUIS WANT MORE)

Question 31

(war of lous XIV) third war / war of league of augsubrg

Answer 31

1. went to holy roman emperor (add Alsace and lorraine and occupy city of Stansburg) 2. league of augsurb (spain, HRE, united provinces, england sweeden) 3. 8 years, struggle (economic depression and famne to france) 4. treaty of rysmiun (louis give up conquests in empires)

Question 32

(war of louis XIV) fourth war / spanish succession

Answer 32

1. charles II die without child and philip V (louis's grandson succeed) 2. people didn't want spain and france cnetered in same family, new coalition (prevent bourbon leadership that would lead to destruction of balance of power) 3. 11 years, in euorpe and north america 4. peace of utretchet and rastatt (confirm philip as spanish ruler (spanish bourbon), thrones of spain and france are sepreate, england get gibrallar and french possesion in America come out as a big naval force))

Question 33

(war of louis XIV) after wars

Answer 33

louis XIV died (france in debt and surrounded by eeniems), told successor who is 5 years old, to not clower, make peace, don't follow his example

Question 34

the decline of spain

Answer 34

seem to be great but actually not, reign of philip II

Question 35

(decline of spain) seem to be great but actually not

Answer 35

lead emprei with colonies in south america and africa and asia, treasury empty and philip II and PHilip III went bankrupt

Question 36

(decline of spain) reign of philip III

Answer 36

interested in only luxury and relics, allowe duke of lerma (greedy for power for his family and him) to run country

Question 37

the reign of philip IV

Answer 37

1. in the hands of guzman, 2. efforts of guzman and philips undermined by deisre to purge spains' imperila gloryand revolts (invovlment in 30 years war and revolts and civil war, militrary camgpains are no victory) 3. foreign loses (peace of westphilia: dutch indepndt, peace of pyrenes: surrender of artois and nethrelands)

Question 38

(the reign of philip IV) in the hands of guman

Answer 38

dominate king's every move and workd to revive intterst of monarchy, rise in price of domestic reform, but pwoer of church and aristoically political reform to centralize government and possessions in monarchial hands (little sucess because power of pspanish is too strong to dminish)

Question 39

french classicms

Answer 39

france replaced italy as ctulrual eladers of empire in 17th century committed to classicla vlues of high renaissance, clairty, simplity, balance, hamony of design (strict version of high renaissance), reflect shift of french soceity from chaos to order during 17th entury, grander in portayl of noble subjecst (nicholas poussin)

Question 40

nicholass poussin

Answer 40

grander in portayl of noble subjecst espeically from classical antitiquity, posture of figures copied from culturpe s of antiquity and use of brown relfect french classicsm

Question 41

spain's golden century

Answer 41

1. theater (creative form of expression, first established in serville and madrid and run by actor companies in engaldn, public playhouse found, touring companies brought plays to parts of psanish empir) 2. lope de vega (witty, charming, action played, realisitc, tried to please audiecne 9duty of playwright is to stasify public, demand, this is simliar to shakesphre but vega is more cynical

Question 42

french drama

Answer 42

1. french playwrights and theater (wrote for elite audience and deend on royal patronage lous XI used thater to attract attention to monarchy) 2. dramsticsts (empahsize clevr and polish and correct over imaginative and envoled, use classicla greek and roman soruces), RACINE, MOLEIEN

Question 43

racine

Answer 43

use classicla greek and roman soruces, his work: phedra (hippolytus by euripdes), perfect french neoclassicla tragic style, focus on conflicts (heart and horror and duty)

Question 44

moliene

Answer 44

enjoy favor of rench court and benefit from patronage of louis XIV, comedies (santizied religious and social world of history), work: tartufctle (ridiule religious ypocrisity), opposition from clergy about tartuffle