Political Sociology I- Power and Domination

Question 1

Power (Macht)

Answer 1

Any ability to get your way, including violence or economic coercion even if others oppose you or are unwilling to obey

Question 2

Dominance

Answer 2

The ability that others accept commands as valid; they go along with the command, rather than trying to resist it

Question 3

slide 5 (max weber)

Answer 3

?

Question 4

Legitimate Authority (obedience)

Answer 4

a reason or motive for obedience; the justification for following the commands of a particular person

Question 5

Rational (obedience)

Answer 5

Authority derives from a legal, rational process, such as voting, or meritocratic system of exams to choose best candidate

Question 6

Traditional (obedience)

Answer 6

Tradition makes this person authority; they can also designate officials whose authority thus stems from traditional

Question 7

Charismatic (obedience)

Answer 7

This person has a ‘gift of grace’: they can inspire you to obey by force of their vision or personality

Question 8

Critical theory (Soc. Power)

Answer 8

those in positions of power are usually doing it to benefit themselves or their group

Question 9

Symbolic Interactionism (Soc. Power)

Answer 9

Those in power have diverse motives and methods of achieving their goals

Question 10

Structural Functionalism

Answer 10

Institutions of power are there to benefit society of a whole, by keeping it stable

Question 11

what does it mean to be value-neutral and who urges this view?

Answer 11

• not presupposing the acceptance of any particular values.

- Max Weber

Question 12

political Sociology

Answer 12

The empirical study of the way social and economic factors affect the operation f power

Question 13

what are the 2 differences between political sociology and political science?

Answer 13

• Political scientists are often more interested in political institution.
• Political sociologists look more at the ways politics interact with the rest of society

Question 14

Base/Superstructure model

Answer 14

‘Vulgar’ Marxist model of society claiming that legal or political institutions are just a ‘superstructure’ that depend on its determined by he underlying economic base.

Question 15

Class Politics

Answer 15

Term to describe political behaviour based on class origin

Question 16

Populism

Answer 16

political movements that claim to speak ‘for the people’ often cast against elites

Question 17

Political Culture

Answer 17

Lipset’s idea of broad set of beliefs ad values generally held in any one country or political entity

Question 18

Seymour Lipset

Answer 18

Explained differences by looking at political cultures of several english speaking countries

Question 19

2 distinct values that the US Political discourse emphasized

Answer 19

Political equality and achievements

Question 20

Modernization

Answer 20

the transition from traditionally-structured agrarian societies

Question 21

Barrington Moore

Answer 21

the relationship between industrialisation and the future government of a nation

Question 22

Sapurmurat Niyazov

Answer 22

a leader who declared himself president for life of Turkmenistran

Question 23

Propaganda

Answer 23

simple messages aimed at convincing masses to support a party or a leaderm

Question 24

Ideology

Answer 24

a general world-view, consisting of a coherent set of related beliefs, ways of looking at the world, implying certain courses or types of action

Question 25

Dominant Ideology

Answer 25

Expresses worldview of dominant groups in society

Question 26

Reformist Ideology

Answer 26

Acceptance dominant ideology, but suggests small changes

Question 27

Counter/radical Ideology

Answer 27

Questions based of dominant ideology, and suggests alternatives

Question 28

Class consciousness

Answer 28

an individual’s awareness of their class position and corresponding interests and needs

Question 29

False consciousness

Answer 29

misguided beliefs that may be held by dominated group, which end up advancing interests of rulers

Question 30

Georg Lukacs

Answer 30

A marxist theorist that tried to explain why the working classes DID NOT adopt communism and instead seemed to stick with the ideology of heir oppressors

Question 31

Hegemony (ideological)

Answer 31

Intellectual and ideological control of society by the dominant class, such that EVERYONE adopts their worldview

Question 32

Antonio Gramsci

Answer 32

Marxist that explained the working class’s flase consciousness as a result of IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY

Question 33

Theory of divine right of king

Answer 33

God selected one man to rule over us; his authority was passed to his heirs

Question 34

Social contract theory

Answer 34

obedience from consenting to government under a rational constitution

Question 35

Descriptive

Answer 35

the way things are: an objective, scientific, non-judgemental approach

Question 36

Normative

Answer 36

The way things should be: a value judgement on whether current circumstances are ‘good’

Question 37

Social exchange theroy

Answer 37

we can best understand society as the product of a series of calculations of cost and benefit by individual members

Question 38

Classic social contract theory

Answer 38

suggest people agree to form a state and surrender to authority because stability benefitted them

Question 39

George Homan

Answer 39

used the idea to analyse society as a whole in a way closer to symbolic interactionism

Question 40

Liberalism

Answer 40

belief that government is authorised by the consent of the individuals governed by it

Question 41

Democracy

Answer 41

belief in rule by ‘the people’ or the whole nation or state

Question 42

Discourse Ethics

Answer 42

Combination of sociology and philosophy: establishes moral norms by examinging preconditions of all communication

Question 43

Lifeworld (Habermas)

Answer 43

the common belief and values people in a community draw on when they communicate

Question 44

System

Answer 44

impersonal social structures that ease social interactions by automating it