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UK Politics > political parties > Flashcards

political parties Flashcards

1
Q

old labour (social democracy)

A

key labour principles embodying nationalisation, redistribution of wealth, largely rejected thatcherite/ free market reforms

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2
Q

new labour (third way)

A

revision in traditional labour values, influenced by Anthony Giddens. shifted from a focus on working class to a wider class base

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3
Q

one nation

A

a paternalistic approach adopted by conservatives under leadership of Disraeli, continued by Cameron and may. Rich had an obligation to help the pooir

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4
Q

Neo-conservatives

A

want the state to take a more authoritarian approach to morality and law and order

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5
Q

neo-liberals

A

endorse free market approach and rolling back of the state in peoples lives

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6
Q

party systems

A

the way or manner in which the political parties in a. system are grouped and structured i.e. one party, two party, multi party

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7
Q

what are political parties?

A

groups with the purpose of winning elections at various levels

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8
Q

what are the three main features of political parties?

A

-excerice power through gaining office
- broad policy focus
- shared idealogy

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9
Q

what are the functions of political parties?

A
  • representation
  • policy formulation
  • recruiting leaders
  • organisation of government
  • participation
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10
Q

what type of government does fptp create?

A

single party majority

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11
Q

what type of party system does FPTP support?

A

two party system

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12
Q

what is vital for selecting leadership of a party?

A

party membership

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13
Q

how much of the population do party members make up?

A

around 2%

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14
Q

what was the size of the majority in 1997?

A

178

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15
Q

what was the size of majority in 2001?

A

166

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16
Q

what was the size of the majority in 2015?

A

12

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17
Q

what was the size of majority in 2019?

A

80

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18
Q

how could the decline in government majority improve democracy?

A

more parties are gaining seats in parliament meaning representation is better, could be seen through SNP gain in 2015

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19
Q

in 2015 how many seats did SNP win?

A

56/59

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20
Q

what makes voting patterns and turnout less predictable?

A

partisan dealignment

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21
Q

how many strongly align themselves with a political party?

A

9%

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22
Q

?how can partisan dealignment be shown

A

decreasing levels of party membership

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23
Q

how are political parties funded?

A
  • membership fees
  • donations
  • grants
  • short money
  • cranbourne money
  • electoral commission
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24
Q

in 2017 how much did the conservatives get from donations?

A

almost £35 million

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25
in 2017, how much did SNP get from donations?
around £2 million
26
in 2017, how much did labour receive from party membership income?
around £16 million much more than conservatives
27
what did the Political Parties, Elections, and Referenda Act 2002 (PPERA) establish?
established the electoral commission with the purpose of regulating party finance
28
how does the electoral commission regulate party finance?
- parties must submit audits of donations that the commission makes public - donations in excess of £7500 must be declared to the commission and be made public - short money was increased
29
what did the conservatives do to short money in 2016?
reduced the amount of short money available by £3.6 billion and introduced greater transparency measures
30
when was and who introduced short money?
in 1974 by then leader of the Commons Edward Short
31
what is short money?
allocates money to opposition parties depending on both the number of seats they hold and the number of votes they receivedwh
32
who is short money available to?
any party that: - secured atleast two seats - secured one seat but received more than 150,000 votes nationally
33
how much is the leader of the opposition given to run their office?
over £850,000
34
for 2023/2024, in total, how much short money is Labour able to claim?
over £7,500,000
35
what policy does Sinn Fein follow in Parliament?
abstentionism
36
what does abstentionism mean?
Sinn Fein do not take their seats in Parliament
37
can Sinn Fein claim short money?
no, because they dont swear the oath of allegiance of the king
38
what money can Sinn Fein claim
representative money
39
what is the purpose of representative money?
to recognise that such elected officials have a duty to represent their constituents even if they are abstentionists
40
in 2023/2024, how much representative money can Sinn Fein claim?
£190,000
41
when was and who introduced Cranbourne Money?
1996 and named after the Leader of the House of Lords
42
what is Cranbourne money?
equivalent of short money in the lords
43
why are short money and Cranbourne money important?
essential for opposition parties to carry to their functions in parliament.
44
what was the Bernie Ecclestone and Labour Party scandal?
Ecclestone donated £1 million to the Labour Party which was not made public. After this, labour fundraisers began talks with Ecclestone for a second donation
45
why is the Bernie Ecclestone example controversial?
because the government then announced possibly excluding formula one from a tobacco sponsorship ban as a result of the donation.
46
did anything change after the Bernie Ecclestone scandal?
Blair apologised on TV for his government handling of the decision to exempt formula one from the tobacco sponsorship ban. Labour returned the £1 million to Ecclestone
47
What was the cash for honours scandal?
Blairs government was accepting donations in return for peerages. Chai Patel donated £1.5 million in secret to the Labour Party and was nominated for a peerage
48
why was cash for honours controversial?
it brought to light financial corruption in the system and the ability of the wealthy to buy influence.
49
what happened after the cash for honours scandal?
Blair was investigated and put through a thorough blast in the media
50
what was Johnson honours list?
Johnson resignation list includes peerages for No 10 aides such as Charlotte Owen (said to be in her late 20s) and Nadine Dorries (threw the lockdown party).
51
why is Johnson honours list controversial?
happened whilst Johnson was being investigated by the privileges committee on charge if misleading the house.
52
What happened after Johnsons honours list was revealed?
He offered a slimmed down version of the list
53
how much registered donations did the conservatives receive in 2019?
£19.4 million
54
How much registered donations did labour receive in 2019?
£5.4 million
55
how much registered donations did the brexit party receive?
£4.2 million
56
reasons for state party funding?
- reducing party dependence on vested interests - state funding could be done democratically, using election support - state party funding could avoid controversy around donations to secure peerages
57
reasons against state party funding?
- steady income may make parties complacent and weaken their link to society - SPF may reinforce already existing political biases and the two party system - there is a lack of public support
58
what is evidence to suggest that devolved institutions are becoming multi party system?
SNP and green coalition in Holyrood Labour ans Plaid Cymru in Senned Sinn Fein and DUP in Stormant
59
since 1979, what % of the seats have labour and conservative won?
over 80%
60
in 2019, what % of the seats did labour and conservatives win?
87%
61
what % of the votes did labour and conservative win in 2019?
78%
62
yes the UK is still a two party system?
- GEs maintain the two party system - media coverage focuses primarily on the two parties - general elections are out important due to parliamentary sovereignty
63
no the UK is not a two party system?
- class and partisan dealignment mean voters no longer feel as strongly of the two major parties - minor parties are having more impact - in devolved elections, there is a multi party system
64
during election campaigns, what tends to happen to support of minor parties?
tends to fade as the electorate realise that the two party system cannot be broken without electoral reform.
65
in 2017, what % of appearances did the conservative party have in national press?
over 45%
66
in 2017, what % of appearances did the Labour Party have in national press?
over 35%
67
in 2017, what % of appearances did the Green Party have in the national press?
around 1%
68
examples of negative headlines from 2019 GE
the sun : Save Brexit, Save Britain and Jazzes Jihadi Comrades Daily Mail: [corbyn] condemned by his own candidates guardian: apologists for terror

UK Politics (5 decks)

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