conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

what forms traditional conservatives belief in paternalism?

A

their belief in hierarchy

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2
Q

how do traditional conservatives justify paternalism?

A

in the hierarchy, there is a natural ruling class which has duties to look after the less fortnunate

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3
Q

why do traditional conservatives believe everyone has duties and obligations, forming their support for paternalism?

A

due to their belief in the organic society, everyone is born into a series of complex pre-existing responsibilities

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4
Q

what traditional conservative thinker is most linked to paternalism?

A

burke

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5
Q

what did Disraeli say which could link to paternalism?

A

‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy’

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6
Q

what idea of burke did Disraeli elevate to reinforce paternalism?

A

the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’

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7
Q

why did ONCs support state sponsored welfare?

A

to offset the damages of laissez-faire capitalism

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8
Q

what did Burke believe charity/welfare had to be?

A

voluntary, even though it was a duty of the ruling class

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9
Q

what ONC acts helped to relieve the damages of capitalism?

A

the Factory Act 1874 which brought greater regulation to the owner and the landlord

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10
Q

what belief to ONCs hold, similar to traditional, which forms their support for paternalism and noblesse oblige?

A

in the existing hierarchy and organicism giving obligations

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11
Q

what did Macmillan seek to create in terms of welfare?

A

a basic safety net to provide in areas which. the capitalist market could not, i.e health care and old age

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12
Q

does the New Right agree with other strands on paternalism?

A

no, they disagree with it and state sponsored welfare

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13
Q

why does the new right disagree with welfare and paternalism?

A

as they wanted to ‘roll back the frontiers of the state’

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14
Q

what sort of culture did the NR believe welfare created?

A

a dependency culture

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15
Q

what did Rand argue that taxation in a free society is?

A

essentially theft

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16
Q

what did Rand say on taxation?

A

‘in a fully free society, taxation would be voluntary’

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17
Q

what is the example Rand used for voluntary tax/welfare?

A

a voluntary civil court which could be paid for via donations from an individual

18
Q

what did Thatcher reduce the top rate of income tax from?

A

86% to 40%

19
Q

where are conservatives in agreement on paternalism?

A
  • TC and NR believe paternalism/charity should be voluntary - burke and rand
  • TC and ONC believe in hierarchy and the responsibilities of the ruling classes - Burke and Disraeli
20
Q

where are conservative in disagreement on paternalism?

A
  • ONC disagree with other strands on state sponsored welfare - Nozick (monarchist state) and Macmillan
21
Q

do TC see society as organic?

22
Q

what did Burke believe about organicism?

A

similar to the different parts of a plant, each class, upper middle and lower, performs different functions which are of equal importance

23
Q

what function did Burke argue the upper class performed?

24
Q

what function did Burke argue the middle class performed?

A

wealth creation

25
what function did burke argue the working class performed?
production
26
do to his belief in organicism, what did Burke believe hierarchy was?
natural
27
what did Burke say on the obligations due to organism?
'the value of compulsory obligations'
28
do ONCs agree with TCs on the organic society?
yes
29
what did Oakeshott say on organicism which links it to tradition?
'just as a plants new leaves are dependent of and explained by the plants roots and branches, so a society present direction stems from its past development'
30
what did Disraeli say on the organic society?
'the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy'
31
why do ONCs use organism to form their beliefs in paternalism?
because everyone is born into existing duties to keep the organic society alive
32
do ONCs believe in hierarchy with the organic society?
yes and the responsibilities which came with wealth and power
33
does the NR believe in organism?
no
34
what did Rand argue about society?
argued for atomism, in which society is merely the collection of atomised, self-interested individuals.
35
what did Rand promote as society's survival wasn't dependent on each class performing its functions?
ethical egoism
36
what is ethical egoism?
belief that it is moral for one to act in their own interest
37
where do conservatives agree over organicism?
- TC and ONC agree that society is organic - Burke and Oakshott - TC and ONC believe in gradual pragmatic reforms to keep the organic society alive
38
where do conservative disagree over organicism?
- NR reject view that society is organic and instead belle it to be atomistic - Rand
39
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