conservatism Flashcards
what forms traditional conservatives belief in paternalism?
their belief in hierarchy
how do traditional conservatives justify paternalism?
in the hierarchy, there is a natural ruling class which has duties to look after the less fortnunate
why do traditional conservatives believe everyone has duties and obligations, forming their support for paternalism?
due to their belief in the organic society, everyone is born into a series of complex pre-existing responsibilities
what traditional conservative thinker is most linked to paternalism?
burke
what did Disraeli say which could link to paternalism?
‘the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy’
what idea of burke did Disraeli elevate to reinforce paternalism?
the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’
why did ONCs support state sponsored welfare?
to offset the damages of laissez-faire capitalism
what did Burke believe charity/welfare had to be?
voluntary, even though it was a duty of the ruling class
what ONC acts helped to relieve the damages of capitalism?
the Factory Act 1874 which brought greater regulation to the owner and the landlord
what belief to ONCs hold, similar to traditional, which forms their support for paternalism and noblesse oblige?
in the existing hierarchy and organicism giving obligations
what did Macmillan seek to create in terms of welfare?
a basic safety net to provide in areas which. the capitalist market could not, i.e health care and old age
does the New Right agree with other strands on paternalism?
no, they disagree with it and state sponsored welfare
why does the new right disagree with welfare and paternalism?
as they wanted to ‘roll back the frontiers of the state’
what sort of culture did the NR believe welfare created?
a dependency culture
what did Rand argue that taxation in a free society is?
essentially theft
what did Rand say on taxation?
‘in a fully free society, taxation would be voluntary’
what is the example Rand used for voluntary tax/welfare?
a voluntary civil court which could be paid for via donations from an individual
what did Thatcher reduce the top rate of income tax from?
86% to 40%
where are conservatives in agreement on paternalism?
- TC and NR believe paternalism/charity should be voluntary - burke and rand
- TC and ONC believe in hierarchy and the responsibilities of the ruling classes - Burke and Disraeli
where are conservative in disagreement on paternalism?
- ONC disagree with other strands on state sponsored welfare - Nozick (monarchist state) and Macmillan
do TC see society as organic?
yes
what did Burke believe about organicism?
similar to the different parts of a plant, each class, upper middle and lower, performs different functions which are of equal importance
what function did Burke argue the upper class performed?
ruling
what function did Burke argue the middle class performed?
wealth creation